Question 11 (1 point)
A student is investigating the transfer of energy between potential and kinetic. The student observes a roller coaster at four locations on the track and creates a graph based on her observations.
What conclusion can be made based on the graph?
a
Kinetic energy is created during a roller coaster ride.
b
Kinetic and potential energy change, but total energy stays the same.
c
Potential energy is increased, but kinetic energy stays the same.
d
Potential energy is destroyed during a roller coaster ride.
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b
Kinetic and potential energy change, but total energy stays the same.
Explanation: In an ideal scenario where there is no energy loss due to friction, air resistance, or other forms of dissipation, the total mechanical energy (the sum of potential and kinetic energy) of the roller coaster system remains constant throughout the ride. As the roller coaster moves along the track, its height and speed change. At higher points on the track, the roller coaster will have more potential energy and less kinetic energy. As the roller coaster descends and moves faster, its potential energy decreases and its kinetic energy increases. Despite these changes, the total energy is conserved if we assume no losses. Therefore, option b is the correct conclusion based on the energy transformations in a roller coaster system.