What is the process/processes by which cells use the
information in DNA to build proteins? (1 point)
Glycolysis
Transcription and Translation
Photosynthesis
Protein degradation
The process by which cells use the information in DNA to build proteins is:
Transcription and Translation
Here's how it works:
1. **Transcription**: In the nucleus of the cell, an enzyme called RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence of a gene and synthesizes a complementary mRNA (messenger RNA) strand. This mRNA strand is a copy of the gene's instructions for making a protein.
2. **Translation**: The mRNA strand travels out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm of the cell. Ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery for protein synthesis, bind to the mRNA. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence, as determined by the codons (three-nucleotide sequences) on the mRNA strand. The ribosome then links these amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain, which will fold into a functional protein.
The other options listed:
- Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP.
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy.
- Protein degradation is the process by which cells break down proteins, not the process of creating them.