What is the difference between natural and synthetic fibre
Natural and synthetic fibers differ mainly in their origin and the processes through which they are made.
Natural fibers are derived from plants, animals, or mineral sources without requiring extensive processing. They are often harvested and cleaned, and then spun into thread or yarn. Examples of natural fibers include:
- Cotton (from the cotton plant)
- Wool (from sheep and other animals)
- Silk (from silkworms)
- Linen (from flax plants)
- Hemp (from hemp plants)
- Jute (from jute plants)
These fibers tend to be biodegradable because they come from natural sources, but their environmental impact depends on how they are produced and processed. For instance, the cultivation of cotton can require large amounts of water and pesticides.
Synthetic fibers, on the other hand, are man-made and typically produced through chemical processes, often from petrochemicals (though bio-based variants are becoming more common). They are engineered to have certain qualities, such as strength, stretch, and moisture-wicking capabilities. Here are some examples of synthetic fibers:
- Polyester (most commonly derived from petroleum)
- Nylon (a type of polyamide, often from coal or petroleum)
- Acrylic (from petroleum-based chemicals)
- Spandex or Lycra (a polyurethane-based fiber known for its elasticity)
- Polypropylene (a polymer made from propylene monomers)
Synthetic fibers are designed to offer high durability, strength, and versatility in their use. However, they are not typically biodegradable and can contribute to environmental pollution, both during production and as non-degradable waste. They also may release microplastics into the environment when washed.
In summary, the main differences between natural and synthetic fibers are their sources (natural environment vs. human-made), their environmental impact, and their physical properties, which are emphasized differently in textiles based on the needs of the user.