SECTION C SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS [30 MARKS]
Answer ALL questions from this section.
QUESTION 1
a) Name and explain three (3) skills that managers need to perform their work effectively.
(6 marks)
b) Give four (4) benefits of management by objectives.
a) Three important skills that managers need to perform their work effectively include:
1. Technical skills: These are the abilities and knowledge that managers need to perform specific tasks related to their job. Technical skills involve understanding and proficiency in a particular type of activity, particularly those involving methods, processes, and procedures. For example, a manager in a manufacturing plant might need to understand the production process, while an IT manager would need knowledge of software development and programming languages. (2 marks)
2. Human skills: These skills, also known as interpersonal skills, enable managers to work effectively with people. Human skills involve the ability to communicate, motivate, lead, and inspire team members to achieve organizational goals. They include empathy, team building, conflict resolution, and effective communication. A manager with strong human skills is capable of managing team dynamics and fostering a positive work environment. (2 marks)
3. Conceptual skills: Conceptual skills allow managers to understand complex situations and to analyze abstract ideas. They involve the ability to grasp the whole organization and its interrelationships, think strategically, make critical decisions, and solve problems creatively. These skills are particularly crucial for top-level managers who must develop long-term visions and strategies for the company. (2 marks)
b) Four benefits of Management by Objectives (MBO) are:
1. Improved performance: MBO aligns individual objectives with organizational goals, which can lead to enhanced performance as employees understand what is expected and contribute towards common goals. (1 mark)
2. Enhanced communication: MBO requires clear communication between management and employees to set and agree upon objectives. This process fosters open dialogue and can improve overall communication within the organization. (1 mark)
3. Better goal clarity: By setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) objectives, MBO ensures that employees are clear about what they need to achieve, reducing ambiguity and setting clear benchmarks for success. (1 mark)
4. Increased employee motivation and engagement: When employees are involved in setting their goals and are aware of how their work contributes to the success of the organization, they are more motivated and engaged. This can lead to improved job satisfaction and employee retention. (1 mark)