2 details for astronomy for Islamic Empire
The Islamic Empire, during what is often referred to as the Golden Age of Islamic Civilization (approximately 8th to 14th centuries), made significant contributions to the field of astronomy. Here are two details regarding their contributions:
1. Innovation in Observational Instruments:
Islamic astronomers were known for developing and refining astronomical instruments that had important implications for both observational astronomy and navigation. For example, they improved the astrolabe, an ancient instrument used to measure the position of the stars and planets. This device, which originated in Hellenistic civilization, was perfected during the Islamic Golden Age to make more precise measurements and was widely used for astronomical research as well as for practical purposes like determining prayer times and finding the direction to Mecca for Muslims.
2. Astronomical Works and Star Catalogs:
Islamic astronomers produced extensive works on astronomy, including comprehensive star catalogs and tables. One of the most famous astronomers was Al-Sufi (903–986), who wrote "The Book of Fixed Stars," an illustrated astronomical guide which depicted the heavens and described the 48 classical constellations, adding descriptions of Arab Bedouin star lore. Another significant figure was Al-Battani (858–929), who produced accurate astronomical tables and improved on Ptolemy's data regarding the Sun and Moon's movements. These works greatly influenced later astronomers both in the Islamic world and in Europe during the Renaissance.