Discuss three ways of making the instrument free from microorganisms
There are several ways to make an instrument free from microorganisms. Here are three common methods:
1. Sterilization: Sterilization is the process of completely eliminating or destroying all forms of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. There are different methods of sterilization, such as heat (autoclaving or dry heat), chemical sterilization (using ethylene oxide gas or hydrogen peroxide plasma), and radiation (gamma radiation or UV radiation).
2. Disinfection: Disinfection is the process of reducing the number of microorganisms on an instrument or surface to a level that is considered safe for human contact. Disinfection can be achieved using various chemical agents such as alcohol, bleach, hydrogen peroxide, or quaternary ammonium compounds. The choice of disinfectant depends on the type of microorganisms and the level of disinfection required.
3. Cleaning: Proper cleaning of the instrument is crucial to remove dirt, organic matter, and debris that can serve as a reservoir for microorganisms. Cleaning is the first step before sterilization or disinfection. It involves physically removing contaminants using techniques like scrubbing, brushing, or ultrasonic cleaning. Detergents or enzymatic agents may be used to help break down and remove stubborn residues.
It is important to note that the method employed for making instruments free from microorganisms depends on the nature of the instrument, its intended use, and the level of microbial contamination present. Healthcare facilities and research laboratories often have specific protocols in place for instrument decontamination to ensure the safety and well-being of patients and researchers.