Three letters segments of mRNA code for specific
Sickle cells
Amino acids
Chromosomes
Disorders
1. Sickle cells: The specific three-letter segment of mRNA that codes for sickle cells is a mutation in the gene for hemoglobin. This mutation results in a change in the amino acid sequence from glutamic acid to valine, causing the characteristic sickle shape of the red blood cells.
2. Amino acids: The specific three-letter segments of mRNA, known as codons, code for specific amino acids. For example, the codon "AUG" codes for the amino acid methionine, which serves as the start codon for protein synthesis.
3. Chromosomes: mRNA does not directly code for chromosomes since chromosomes are composed of DNA. However, genes on chromosomes are transcribed into mRNA, and the mRNA molecules subsequently carry the genetic information to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. Thus, specific segments of mRNA code for the genes located on chromosomes.
4. Disorders: Many disorders can be caused by specific mutations or abnormalities in mRNA. For example, cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene, which leads to a defect in the production or function of the CFTR mRNA and protein. Similarly, various genetic disorders can occur due to abnormalities in the mRNA coding for certain proteins, leading to malfunction or absence of these proteins in the body.