How does McIntrye define the "artificial situation" within ethos?
McIntyre does not explicitly define the "artificial situation" within ethos in his work. However, he does address the concept of ethos in his book "After Virtue." In this book, McIntyre argues that ethical judgments and moral reasoning are inextricably tied to specific historical and cultural contexts. Ethos, according to him, refers to the moral and social framework that shapes and informs our understanding of what is right and wrong within a given community or society.
While McIntyre does not directly define the "artificial situation" within ethos, he does discuss the idea of how moral frameworks can become fragmented and disconnected from their historical and cultural contexts. This fragmentation occurs due to a variety of factors, such as the erosion of traditional moral values, the loss of shared narratives and traditions, and the dominance of individualism.
In such a fragmented moral landscape, McIntyre argues that ethical judgments are often reduced to personal preferences or feelings, divorced from any broader moral framework. This can lead to an "artificial" or contrived situation, where ethical standards become subject to individual whim or societal pressures, rather than being grounded in a coherent and shared tradition.
Overall, while McIntyre does not explicitly define the "artificial situation" within ethos, he emphasizes the importance of understanding the historical and cultural context that shapes ethical frameworks, and warns against reducing ethics to subjective preferences in a fragmented moral landscape.