Which of the following offers the best analysis of why an alliance system emerged in Europe?

Great Britain and Germany were engaged in a fierce naval army race.
European countries sought to maintain a balance of power.
Germany felt isolated by Russia and France.
Italy remained neutral with the outbreak of war.

The best analysis of why an alliance system emerged in Europe is that European countries sought to maintain a balance of power. This is because alliances were formed as a way to ensure that no single country would become dominant in Europe, and that the power would be distributed evenly among multiple nations. The formation of alliances was driven by the fear of one country or group of countries becoming too powerful and potentially dominating the continent.