Which of the following statements explains the major cause of the English Reformation?(1 point)
Responses
Henry VIII’s condemnation of Martin Luther’s teachings
Henry VIII’s condemnation of Martin Luther’s teachings
Mary I’s execution of the Archbishop of Canterbury
Mary I’s execution of the Archbishop of Canterbury
the pope’s refusal to annul Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon
the pope’s refusal to annul Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon
the violence resulting from Mary I’s reinstatement of Catholicism in England
the pope’s refusal to annul Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon
Which of these statements best summarizes the outcome of the Thirty Years’ War?(1 point)
Responses
Protestantism overtook Catholicism as the official religion in Italy and Spain.
Protestantism overtook Catholicism as the official religion in Italy and Spain.
European Catholics and Protestants lived in religious harmony after the end of this conflict.
European Catholics and Protestants lived in religious harmony after the end of this conflict.
Catholics regained control of Lutheran strongholds in the northern Holy Roman Empire.
Catholics regained control of Lutheran strongholds in the northern Holy Roman Empire.
Protestants and Catholics continued to control the same areas in Europe that they had at the beginning of this conflict.
Catholics regained control of Lutheran strongholds in the northern Holy Roman Empire.
Use the passage to answer the question.
“Let us now chiefly consider women . . . and why [witchcraft] is found more in so fragile a sex than in men . . . When [women] are governed by a good spirit, they are most excellent in virtue; but when they are governed by an evil spirit, they indulge the worst possible vices . . . I had rather dwell with a lion and a dragon than to keep house with a wicked woman . . . Women are naturally more impressionable and more ready to receive the influence of a disembodied spirit . . . . [S]ince they are feebler both in mind and body, it is not surprising that they should come more under the spell of witchcraft.”
Which is an accurate analysis of attitudes toward women and witchcraft based on this passage from Malleus Maleficarum?
(1 point)
Responses
Women were more capable of resisting evil spirits and witchcraft than men were.
Women were more capable of resisting evil spirits and witchcraft than men were.
Women were intelligent enough to avoid evil spirits and witchcraft.
Women were intelligent enough to avoid evil spirits and witchcraft.
Women were considered to be easily tempted by evil spirits to accept witchcraft.
Women were considered to be easily tempted by evil spirits to accept witchcraft.
Women were still able to be virtuous after accepting evil spirits and witchcraft.
Women were considered to be easily tempted by evil spirits to accept witchcraft.
What was one similar characteristic shared by European Jews and women accused of witchcraft during the Protestant Reformation and the Counter-Reformation?(1 point)
Responses
Both groups were highly esteemed in Protestant and Catholic societies.
Both groups were highly esteemed in Protestant and Catholic societies.
Both groups were used as scapegoats for many of the religious and political problems in Europe at that time.
Both groups were used as scapegoats for many of the religious and political problems in Europe at that time.
Both groups were forced to wear yellow badges that identified them as Jews or accused witches.
Both groups were forced to wear yellow badges that identified them as Jews or accused witches.
Both groups were required to live in self-contained ghettos within their communities.
Both groups were used as scapegoats for many of the religious and political problems in Europe at that time.
Read the following passage written in 1553 by Simon Renard, the Holy Roman Empire’s ambassador to England, to answer the question.
“It is easy to foresee that there will be difficulty in repressing the heretics without causing scandal . . . The thing most to be feared is that the Queen may be moved by her religious ardor and zeal to attempt to right matters at one stroke, for this cannot be done in the case of a people that has drunk so deep an error.”
What situation did Holy Roman Empire ambassador Simon Renard describe as difficult to repress because of the English people’s experiences with the Anglican Church?
(1 point)
Responses
Elizabeth I’s attempt to execute Mary, Queen of Scots
Elizabeth I’s attempt to execute Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary I’s attempt to restore Catholicism to England
Mary I’s attempt to restore Catholicism to England
Catherine of Aragon’s attempt to preserve her marriage to Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon’s attempt to preserve her marriage to Henry VIII
Mary, Queen of Scots’s attempt to remove Elizabeth I as monarch
Mary I’s attempt to restore Catholicism to England
The major cause of the English Reformation was the pope's refusal to annul Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
To arrive at this answer, we need to analyze the options given and select the one that best explains the major cause of the English Reformation. We can eliminate options one and two since they both refer to Henry VIII's condemnation of Martin Luther's teachings and Mary I's execution of the Archbishop of Canterbury, which were events that occurred after the English Reformation. Option four, the violence resulting from Mary I's reinstatement of Catholicism in England, is also incorrect since it was a consequence of the English Reformation, not its cause.
This leaves us with option three, the pope's refusal to annul Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, as the most accurate explanation. The English Reformation started when Henry VIII, seeking an annulment from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, approached the pope, who denied his request. This denial led Henry VIII to break away from the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and establish the Church of England, making himself the head of the church.