Explain predator-prey relationships and provide an example.
A predator-prey relationship is a biological interaction where one organism, known as the predator, hunts, kills, and feeds on another organism, known as the prey. This interaction is essential for maintaining the balance and stability of ecosystems. Predators play a crucial role in controlling the population of prey species, preventing them from overpopulating and exerting detrimental effects on the ecosystem.
An example of a predator-prey relationship is the interaction between a lion (predator) and a zebra (prey) in the African savanna. Lions are carnivorous predators that rely on hunting zebras and other herbivorous animals for food. They stalk their prey, often in groups, and use their strength, speed, and sharp teeth to overpower and kill zebras. The zebras, on the other hand, exhibit a prey behavior by staying alert and vigilant, living in herds, and using their speed and agility to escape from lions.
In this predator-prey relationship, the population of lions is dependent on the population of zebras as their food source. If there were an abundance of zebras, the lion population would increase as they have access to ample food. Conversely, if the number of zebras decreases, lions would face scarcity of prey, affecting their population size. This interdependence ensures a balance in the ecosystem and prevents any single species from dominating or becoming extinct.