17. Which two major policy approaches have caused the world’s crude birth rate (CBR) to decline rapidly between 1990 and 2015, from 27 to 20?
a. increasing investment in schooling for girls and increasing access to contraception
b. providing incentives for families to have only one child and providing comprehensive health care
c. forced sterilization programs and comprehensive health care
d. improving local economic conditions and increasing access to contraception
e. increasing government expenditures on universal health care and encouraging women to delay marriage
18. Which of the following best describes the movement of enslaved Africans to the U.S. colonies?
a. interregional migration
b. intraregional migration
c. voluntary international migration
d. forced international migration
e. government-issued mandatory evacuation
20. Which of the following is NOT a reason people have migrated internally?
a. twenty-first century Russia: net in-migration to European areas for economic opportunity
b. early twentieth-century U.S.: African-American migration to Northern cities for economic opportunity
c. twenty-first century China: voluntary migration to cities for economic opportunity
d. the former Soviet Union: forced migration to factories near raw materials
e. twenty-first century Brazil: to the northeastern coast of the country to be near the new capital, Rio
21. A young adult man with a high level of education is considering migrating from his home in a developing country. Which of the following is NOT a pull factor that might encourage him to emigrate to a developed country?
a. the opportunity to pursue postgraduate education
b. a lucrative job offer with opportunity for advancement
c. government policies that are welcoming of immigrants
d. limited economic opportunity in his home country
e. family connections offering social support
22. Which of the following are the two reasons most U.S. visas are granted?
a. higher education and employment for skilled workers
b. access to medical care and higher education
c. family reunification and employment for skilled workers
d. refugees from political and religious persecution
e. people displaced by natural disasters and by civil war
17. a. increasing investment in schooling for girls and increasing access to contraception
18. d. forced international migration
20. e. twenty-first century Brazil: to the northeastern coast of the country to be near the new capital, Rio
21. c. government policies that are welcoming of immigrants
22. c. family reunification and employment for skilled workers