what happens when atp is converted to adp
When ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate), it releases energy. This process is known as ATP hydrolysis or ATP breakdown. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. ATP consists of three phosphate groups, while ADP has only two. The bond between the third phosphate group and the rest of the molecule is relatively weak and highly reactive.
2. With the help of an enzyme called ATPase, a water molecule is added to ATP, breaking the bond between the third phosphate group and the molecule.
3. The energy released from breaking the bond is used for various cellular processes like muscle contraction, active transport, protein synthesis, and nerve impulses.
4. Once the third phosphate group is cleaved, ATP becomes ADP, and the released inorganic phosphate (Pi) is also released into the cell.
5. The ADP formed can further be converted back to ATP through cellular respiration, where energy-rich molecules like glucose are broken down in the presence of oxygen.
Overall, the conversion of ATP to ADP allows energy to be released, which is essential for cellular functions and helps drive various biochemical reactions in the body.