Georgia Before the Civil War
How do turnpikes work?
Turnpikes were a type of toll road that was common in the United States before the Civil War. They were privately-owned roads built and maintained by turnpike companies. Here's how they worked:
1. Construction: Turnpike companies would secure a charter from the state government and raise funds to build the road. They would plan and construct the road based on the terrain and geography of the area.
2. Toll Collection: Once the turnpike was built, toll booths would be set up at various points along the road. Travelers had to pay a toll fee in order to use the road. The tolls varied based on the distance traveled or type of vehicle. Toll rates were set by the turnpike company with the approval of the state government.
3. Maintenance: The funds collected from tolls were used to maintain and repair the turnpike. This included tasks like filling potholes, clearing debris, and keeping the road in good condition. The turnpike company was responsible for the ongoing maintenance and upkeep of the road.
4. Travelers' Benefits: Turnpikes were seen as an improvement over traditional dirt roads because they were better maintained, smoother to travel on, and provided a quicker and more efficient way to transport goods and people. Travelers benefited from faster and more reliable travel, which was particularly important for trade and commerce.
5. Impact on Society: Turnpikes played a significant role in economic development, as they facilitated transportation and trade. They connected towns and regions, allowing goods to be transported more easily and enabling people to travel for work, education, and other purposes. The toll fees collected also contributed to local economies and the funding of public projects.
However, turnpikes were not without their drawbacks. Toll fees could be expensive and burdensome for some, especially for farmers and those who had to use the road frequently. Additionally, turnpike companies were sometimes accused of monopolizing roads and charging excessive tolls, which led to calls for more government control and regulation.