upstream Floating test
Time elapse
43cm (1) 10cm (1) 13.06s (1)
66cm (2) 66cm (2) 7.54s (2)
17cm (3) 44cm (3) 8.33s (3)
43+66+17=126 10+66+44=120 9.39s (4)
Av=126/3=42cm Av=120/3=40cm 7.41s (5)
46.03/5
Av=9.206
Mapemo River. Segment A
Depth Width
1. Right 45 Average= 810/3 = 8.1
2. Middle 108
3. Left 47.5
Average 200.5/3 = 66.83
Segment B
Depth Width
1. Right = 23cm 390/3 = 9.9m
2. Middle = 84cm
3. Left = 80cm
Average = 187/3 = 62.33
Calculate stream discharge for each river using the derived average streamflow (velocity)
Discharges = V X W X D
Discharge of Kefamo River
Discharge = 1.16 x 42 + 40/2 x 3.3 + 2.83/2 =
=1.16 x 41 x 3.065
= 145.77
Discharge of Mapemo River.
Discharges = V X W X D
Velocity = distance /time
v =9.9 + 8.1/2 /11.3 + 8 + 7.25 +7.45 + 9.2/5
= 9/8.64, v = 1.04m/s
Discharges = V X W X D
Discharge = 1.04m/s x 9 x 66.83 + 62.33
Discharge = 1.04 x 9 x 64.58
= 604.47
Multiply each stream discharge value by a correction factor of 0.85 (85%),
Kepamo River would be;
145.77 x 0.85 = 123.9045
Mapemo River could be;
604.47 x 0.85 = 513.7995
Provide and explanatory discussion to each of the result presented
Kefamo and Mafemo River
Measuring the key parameter of the stream (River)
Introduction
The stream flow or volumetric flow rate discharged is define as the volume rate of flow of the water (including any sediment or other solid may be dissolved or mixed with it) (Buchanan and Somer, 1969) Hundreds of thousand s of the stream flow measurement are done every year they have done on wide array of water body discharged from steal water to floods. Since the flow velocity varies at different point in a stream cross section is highly recommended.
The float method can be used to get a rough estimate of the runoff. With a floating object, the surface velocity of the river is measured.
Objectives
The objective of this activities are the following:
To measure the discharge and mean velocity of a stream through float method
Assess selected physic-chemical parameter of the stream
To develop a understanding on the importance of measuring these values (flow velocity, discharge, physic-chemical parameter) for practical applications.
To apply the knowledge gained from this activity to explore related scientific topics.
Materials
Measuring tape, timer, marker, floating device (lemon) stadia rod, writing materials wireless sensor (dissolve oxygen, pH, colorimeter, and turbidity and conductivity, weather sensor and weather sensor tablet)
Procedures
Chose a suitable straight reach (location) with a minimum turbulence (about 10 meters long)
Mark the starts and the endpoint of the reach
Divide the reach into section to measure the average depth and the width
Gently release the float slightly upstream maker and stop the watch when it reaches the upstream makers.
Measure the amount of time it takes the float to trave the marked section.
Repeat the procedure 4 to 6 at least three times and record the time.
Compute the discharged cross section area and mean velocity of
the stream using the measured values of depth and width for each section and the average time it took for the float to travel the distance.
Discussion of Results:
The results obtained from the measurements allow us to calculate the stream discharge for both the Kefamo and Mapemo Rivers.
For the Kefamo River, the calculated discharge was 145.77 cubic meters per second. This value represents the volume of water flowing through the river per unit of time.
For the Mapemo River, the calculated discharge was 604.47 cubic meters per second. This indicates a higher flow rate compared to the Kefamo River.
To ensure accuracy in the measurements, a correction factor of 0.85 (85%) was applied to both river discharges. This correction factor accounts for any potential errors in the measurements.
After applying the correction factor, the adjusted discharge for the Kefamo River was 123.90 cubic meters per second, while the adjusted discharge for the Mapemo River was 513.80 cubic meters per second.
The results of the measurements and calculations indicate that the Mapemo River has a higher stream discharge compared to the Kefamo River. This suggests that the Mapemo River carries a larger volume of water and has a greater flow rate.
It is important to measure and understand stream discharge as it provides valuable information for various practical applications. Knowing the stream discharge helps in assessing water availability, flood forecasting, water resource management, and designing infrastructure such as bridges and dams.
Additionally, measuring the physical and chemical parameters of the stream, such as dissolved oxygen, pH, color, turbidity, and conductivity, provides further insights into the health and characteristics of the water body. These parameters help in evaluating water quality, assessing aquatic ecosystem health, and monitoring any potential pollution or contamination.
In conclusion, the measurements and calculations of the stream discharge for the Kefamo and Mapemo Rivers provide valuable information about their flow rates and water volumes. Understanding these parameters is crucial for various practical applications and for monitoring the health and quality of the water bodies.