The relationships between colonizers and Indigenous peoples varied greatly across North America. In some cases, colonizers sought to establish mutually beneficial relationships with Indigenous peoples through trade and intermarriage, such as the French settlers in Canada. In other cases, colonizers forcibly displaced and marginalized Indigenous peoples, such as the Spanish conquistadors in Mesoamerica. Additionally, some colonizers, like the British and American settlers, implemented policies of assimilation and cultural suppression, attempting to erase Indigenous identity and replace it with European values. Overall, the relationships between colonizers and Indigenous peoples ranged from cooperation and cultural exchange to conflict and marginalization.
