Why did the ottomans call their leader sultan?
The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman I in the 13th century, and the title of "sultan" was initially adopted to denote the leader of the empire. The term "sultan" has its roots in Arabic and Persian, where it signifies "power" or "authority." The choice of this title was influenced by various factors:
1. Islamic tradition: The Ottomans were a Muslim dynasty, and the title of sultan had historical and religious significance within the Islamic world. It was previously used by the caliphs, who were the successors of Prophet Muhammad, and it carried connotations of both political and religious leadership.
2. Claiming legitimacy: By adopting the title of sultan, the Ottoman rulers sought to enhance their legitimacy and authority. Associating themselves with the prestigious history and caliphal heritage of the term added credibility to their rule and positioned them as the rightful successors to previous Muslim leaders.
3. Differentiation from other titles: The decision to use "sultan" helped distinguish the Ottoman rulers from other regional leaders and neighboring empires of their time. While alternative titles like "emperor" or "king" were used by other leaders, the Ottomans chose "sultan" to highlight their unique position as the rulers of a specific empire with its own distinct culture, institutions, and traditions.
Overall, the use of the title "sultan" by the Ottomans was a deliberate choice rooted in their Islamic heritage, the desire for legitimacy, and the distinctive nature of their empire.