Which of the following best describes the origins of the Reformation?(1 point)
Responses
Martin Luther’s excommunication made large numbers of people unhappy with the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther’s excommunication made large numbers of people unhappy with the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther successfully built on more than a century of other scholars' ideas, causing more people to speak up and leave the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther successfully built on more than a century of other scholars' ideas, causing more people to speak up and leave the Catholic Church.
Erasmus of Rotterdam and Martin Luther teamed up to convince people to leave the Catholic Church.
Erasmus of Rotterdam and Martin Luther teamed up to convince people to leave the Catholic Church.
For the first time in the sixteenth century, scholars began to speak out about problems in the Catholic Church.
Jesuits
Martin Luther successfully built on more than a century of other scholars' ideas, causing more people to speak up and leave the Catholic Church.
Protestant reformers saw the Catholic Church as corrupt and too focused on wealth and political power instead of faith and ministry.
The Church reaffirmed core Catholic teachings such as the Eucharist and the supremacy of the Church in interpreting the Bible.
the pope’s refusal to annul Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon
Protestants and Catholics continued to control the same areas in Europe that they had at the beginning of this conflict.
Women were considered to be easily tempted by evil spirits to accept witchcraft.
Both groups were used as scapegoats for many of the religious and political problems in Europe at that time.
Mary I's attempt to restore Catholicism to England
Which of the following primary sources would best help someone examine how the printing press and printed books influenced Europe?(1 point)
Responses
a twentieth-century map showing the printing presses in Renaissance Europe
a twentieth-century map showing the printing presses in Renaissance Europe
a diagram of the printing press that Johannes Gutenberg created by hand
a diagram of the printing press that Johannes Gutenberg created by hand
a sixteenth-century document calling for the censorship of newly printed books
a sixteenth-century document calling for the censorship of newly printed books
a copy of one of the most well-known illuminated manuscripts used for prayer
Which statement best summarizes the criticisms of the Catholic Church by Protestant reformers?(1 point)
Responses
Protestant reformers believed each nation should have their own unique church.
Protestant reformers believed each nation should have their own unique church.
Protestant reformers wanted the Catholic Church to control secular governments.
Protestant reformers wanted the Catholic Church to control secular governments.
Protestant reformers saw the Catholic Church as corrupt and too focused on wealth and political power instead of faith and ministry.
Protestant reformers saw the Catholic Church as corrupt and too focused on wealth and political power instead of faith and ministry.
Protestant reformers believed the pope should have direct control over individual salvation.
The Tridentine Creed was declared by Pope Pius IV after the Council of Trent as a statement of church doctrine. Interpret the following list which summarizes the Tridentine Creed and select the statement which best explains the Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation.
There is one God and Jesus is his son
The Holy Spirit, Father, and Son are one singular being
Baptism can only be done by priests upon a child’s birth
Religious holidays and traditions are established by the Catholic Church
Only the Catholic Church can interpret the Bible
There are seven sacraments including baptism, the Eucharist, and confession
Purgatory exists
Indulgences have power because of Jesus Christ
The Pope is the leader of all Christian peoples
(1 point)
Responses
The Church accepted that the average person should be able to judge and interpret scripture along with the priesthood.
The Church accepted that the average person should be able to judge and interpret scripture along with the priesthood.
The Church rejected Lutheranism, but it accepted Zwingli’s criticism of the Eucharist.
The Church rejected Lutheranism, but it accepted Zwingli’s criticism of the Eucharist.
The Church reaffirmed core Catholic teachings such as the Eucharist and the supremacy of the Church in interpreting the Bible.
The Church reaffirmed core Catholic teachings such as the Eucharist and the supremacy of the Church in interpreting the Bible.
The Church accepted criticisms made by Protestants, and it abolished the sale of indulgences.
The Church accepted criticisms made by Protestants, and it abolished the sale of indulgences.
Which religious order developed out of the Council of Trent to be soldiers of God and defend the Catholic faith?(1 point)
Responses
Calvinists
Calvinists
Lutherans
Lutherans
Zwinglians
Zwinglians
Jesuits
Which of the following statements explains the major cause of the English Reformation?(1 point)
Responses
Henry VIII’s condemnation of Martin Luther’s teachings
Henry VIII’s condemnation of Martin Luther’s teachings
the violence resulting from Mary I’s reinstatement of Catholicism in England
the violence resulting from Mary I’s reinstatement of Catholicism in England
Mary I’s execution of the Archbishop of Canterbury
Mary I’s execution of the Archbishop of Canterbury
the pope’s refusal to annul Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon
Which of these statements best summarizes the outcome of the Thirty Years’ War?(1 point)
Responses
European Catholics and Protestants lived in religious harmony after the end of this conflict.
European Catholics and Protestants lived in religious harmony after the end of this conflict.
Protestantism overtook Catholicism as the official religion in Italy and Spain.
Protestantism overtook Catholicism as the official religion in Italy and Spain.
Protestants and Catholics continued to control the same areas in Europe that they had at the beginning of this conflict.
Protestants and Catholics continued to control the same areas in Europe that they had at the beginning of this conflict.
Catholics regained control of Lutheran strongholds in the northern Holy Roman Empire.
Use the passage to answer the question.
“Let us now chiefly consider women . . . and why [witchcraft] is found more in so fragile a sex than in men . . . When [women] are governed by a good spirit, they are most excellent in virtue; but when they are governed by an evil spirit, they indulge the worst possible vices . . . I had rather dwell with a lion and a dragon than to keep house with a wicked woman . . . Women are naturally more impressionable and more ready to receive the influence of a disembodied spirit . . . . [S]ince they are feebler both in mind and body, it is not surprising that they should come more under the spell of witchcraft.”
Which is an accurate analysis of attitudes toward women and witchcraft based on this passage from Malleus Maleficarum?
(1 point)
Responses
Women were considered to be easily tempted by evil spirits to accept witchcraft.
Women were considered to be easily tempted by evil spirits to accept witchcraft.
Women were intelligent enough to avoid evil spirits and witchcraft.
Women were intelligent enough to avoid evil spirits and witchcraft.
Women were still able to be virtuous after accepting evil spirits and witchcraft.
Women were still able to be virtuous after accepting evil spirits and witchcraft.
Women were more capable of resisting evil spirits and witchcraft than men were.
Women were more capable of resisting evil spirits and witchcraft than men were.
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What was one similar characteristic shared by European Jews and women accused of witchcraft during the Protestant Reformation and the Counter-Reformation?(1 point)
Responses
Both groups were highly esteemed in Protestant and Catholic societies.
Both groups were highly esteemed in Protestant and Catholic societies.
Both groups were forced to wear yellow badges that identified them as Jews or accused witches.
Both groups were forced to wear yellow badges that identified them as Jews or accused witches.
Both groups were required to live in self-contained ghettos within their communities.
Both groups were required to live in self-contained ghettos within their communities.
Both groups were used as scapegoats for many of the religious and political problems in Europe at that time.
Read the following passage written in 1553 by Simon Renard, the Holy Roman Empire’s ambassador to England, to answer the question.
“It is easy to foresee that there will be difficulty in repressing the heretics without causing scandal . . . The thing most to be feared is that the Queen may be moved by her religious ardor and zeal to attempt to right matters at one stroke, for this cannot be done in the case of a people that has drunk so deep an error.”
What situation did Holy Roman Empire ambassador Simon Renard describe as difficult to repress because of the English people’s experiences with the Anglican Church?
(1 point)
Responses
Catherine of Aragon’s attempt to preserve her marriage to Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon’s attempt to preserve her marriage to Henry VIII
Elizabeth I’s attempt to execute Mary, Queen of Scots
Elizabeth I’s attempt to execute Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots’s attempt to remove Elizabeth I as monarch
Mary, Queen of Scots’s attempt to remove Elizabeth I as monarch
Mary I’s attempt to restore Catholicism to England
Mary I’s attempt to restore Catholicism to England
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