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The correct answer is:
Systemic circulation refers to the path of blood as it moves from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart.
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Option 4: the path of blood as it moves from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart.
Systemic circulation is the path of blood as it moves from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart. This is the circulation pathway that delivers oxygenated blood to the body's tissues and organs and carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart. To understand systemic circulation, it is helpful to learn about the circulatory system.
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. As the heart beats, it pumps oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body. From the aorta, the blood branches off into smaller arteries, which further divide into arterioles and then into tiny capillaries.
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and form a network throughout the body's tissues and organs. Here, oxygen and nutrients diffuse from the capillaries into the surrounding cells, while waste products such as carbon dioxide and metabolic byproducts are taken up by the capillaries.
After passing through the capillaries, the blood, now low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide and waste, collects into venules, which then merge to form larger veins. Veins carry the deoxygenated blood back to the heart, specifically the right atrium. From the right atrium, the blood is pumped to the right ventricle and then to the lungs for oxygenation through the pulmonary circulation.
After oxygenation in the lungs, the blood returns to the left atrium of the heart. From the left atrium, it is pumped to the left ventricle, which then contracts and propels the oxygenated blood into the aorta, initiating the systemic circulation again.
So, in summary, systemic circulation refers to the path of blood as it leaves the heart, travels through arteries, capillaries, and veins, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues, collecting waste products, and returning back to the heart to be pumped to the lungs for oxygenation.