Functions of cambium
The cambium is a layer of tissue in plants that is responsible for the production of both xylem and phloem cells. It is found in the stems and roots of woody plants, and it is one of the main tissues involved in secondary growth. The cambium performs several important functions, including:
1. Cell division: The cambium is composed of meristematic cells that continuously divide to produce new cells. These cells can differentiate into either xylem or phloem cells, depending on their location within the cambium layer.
2. Xylem production: The cambium is responsible for the production of xylem cells, which are involved in the transportation of water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. These cells form part of the vascular tissue system and are important for the structural support of the plant.
3. Phloem production: The cambium also produces phloem cells, which are involved in the transportation of sugars and other organic molecules from the leaves to other parts of the plant. Phloem cells form part of the vascular tissue system and are important for the distribution of nutrients throughout the plant.
4. Secondary growth: The cambium is the main tissue responsible for secondary growth in woody plants. It produces new layers of xylem and phloem, which results in an increase in girth and diameter of the stems and roots. This allows the plant to increase its structural support and ability to transport water and nutrients.
5. Wound healing: In response to injury or damage, the cambium can initiate a wound healing response by producing new cells to repair the damaged area. This helps to protect the plant from infection and further damage.
Overall, the cambium plays a crucial role in the growth and development of woody plants, and is essential for their survival and the production of secondary tissues.