Analyze why the Umayyad Empire ended in 750. (1 point)
© Discontent amongst non-Arab Muslim converts weakened the empire.
O Muhammad's forces conquered them from Mecca.
O The Ottomans took it over with superior military force.
© The Umayyads converted to Christianity.
© Discontent amongst non-Arab Muslim converts weakened the empire.
One reason for the end of the Umayyad Empire in 750 was discontent amongst non-Arab Muslim converts. The Umayyads, who were of Arab descent, ruled over a vast and diverse territory that included many non-Arab Muslims. These non-Arab Muslims, primarily Persians and Berbers, felt marginalized and discriminated against by the Arab ruling elite.
The Umayyads implemented policies that favored Arabs over non-Arabs in various aspects, including taxation, employment, and social status. This led to the alienation of non-Arab Muslims and generated increasing resentment towards Umayyad rule. Non-Arabs felt that their contributions were not adequately recognized or rewarded, and they were often treated as second-class citizens.
Furthermore, the Umayyads' policy of Arabization, where they actively promoted Arab culture, language, and institutions, further deepened the divide between Arabs and non-Arabs. This Arab-centric approach reinforced the perception of non-Arab Muslims as outsiders and contributed to their dissatisfaction with Umayyad rule.
As a result of this discontent, non-Arab Muslim groups started to rebel against Umayyad authority. They sought to establish their own power bases and gain independence from Arab dominance. Ultimately, these rebellions weakened the central authority of the Umayyad Empire and paved the way for its downfall.
Therefore, discontent amongst non-Arab Muslim converts played a significant role in the end of the Umayyad Empire in 750. It fueled internal rebellions and weakened the central authority, eventually leading to the establishment of a new dynasty, the Abbasids.
Which major empire did the Ottomans defeat to expand their territory? (1 point)
O Mongol Empire
© Persian Empire
O Roman Empire
O Byzantine Empire
O Byzantine Empire.
The Ottomans defeated the Byzantine Empire to expand their territory. The Byzantine Empire was a successor state to the Roman Empire and was centered around Constantinople, present-day Istanbul. The Ottomans, led by Sultan Mehmed II, besieged the city of Constantinople in 1453 and successfully captured it, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.
This victory allowed the Ottomans to expand their territories in the Balkans and Anatolia, establishing the foundation for their future empire. The conquest of Constantinople not only had significant territorial implications but also marked a major turning point in history, as it ended the Byzantine Empire and solidified Ottoman dominance in the region.
Which statement best describes cultural diffusion along Islamic trade routes? (1 point)
O Ideas and practices were exchanged between regions connected by Islamic trade routes.
O Islam failed to take root outside of the Islamic homelands
O Economic ideas were exchanged, but not religious ideas.
O Islamic culture was untouched by trade
O Ideas and practices were exchanged between regions connected by Islamic trade routes.
The statement that best describes cultural diffusion along Islamic trade routes is that ideas and practices were exchanged between regions connected by these routes. The Islamic trade routes, such as the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean trade routes, served as conduits for the movement of goods, people, and ideas across vast regions.
As trade flourished along these routes, various cultures came into contact with each other, leading to the exchange and diffusion of ideas, technologies, and practices. Islamic merchants, scholars, and travelers played a crucial role in facilitating this cultural exchange. They carried with them not only goods but also knowledge, inventions, scientific ideas, philosophical concepts, and religious beliefs.
Through this cultural exchange, Islamic civilizations contributed to the transmission of knowledge and the development of various fields such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, architecture, and art. Islamic trade routes were instrumental in connecting diverse cultures and fostering intellectual and cultural development across regions.
To analyze why the Umayyad Empire ended in 750, we need to examine the historical factors that contributed to its decline and fall. Of the given options, the most accurate answer is:
© Discontent amongst non-Arab Muslim converts weakened the empire.
The Umayyad Empire, which was established by the Umayyad dynasty in 661, experienced several challenges during its rule. One significant factor that led to its downfall was growing discontent among non-Arab Muslim converts. This discontent stemmed from various reasons, such as social, economic, and political inequalities between Arab and non-Arab Muslims.
To further understand this, you can explore historical sources, such as books or scholarly articles, that discuss the decline of the Umayyad Empire. These sources will provide detailed accounts of the grievances raised by non-Arab Muslims, shedding light on the internal divisions within the empire.
It's important to note that the other options provided in the question are inaccurate:
O Muhammad's forces conquered them from Mecca: This option is incorrect as Muhammad, the founder of Islam, lived several years before the establishment of the Umayyad Empire. The Umayyad dynasty came into power almost four decades after Muhammad's death, so his forces did not directly conquer the Umayyad Empire.
O The Ottomans took it over with superior military force: This option is also incorrect as the Ottoman Empire did not conquer the Umayyad Empire. The Ottoman Empire emerged several centuries after the fall of the Umayyads, and their rise to power happened in a different region.
© The Umayyads converted to Christianity: This option is inaccurate as well. The Umayyad dynasty was Muslim, and there is no historical evidence to suggest that they converted to Christianity. In fact, they were known for their strong affiliation with Islamic traditions and being the first hereditary rulers of the Muslim world.
By critically examining historical accounts and analyzing relevant primary and secondary sources, you can gain a comprehensive understanding of the reasons behind the decline and fall of the Umayyad Empire.