Corrosion inhibitors
Corrosion inhibitors are substances that are used to prevent or reduce the rate of corrosion in metals. They work by either forming a protective barrier on the metal surface or by altering the chemical environment to make it less corrosive.
There are different types of corrosion inhibitors, including:
1. Passivating inhibitors: These inhibitors work by forming a thin protective layer on the metal surface, which acts as a barrier against corrosive agents. Examples of passivating inhibitors include chromates, phosphates, and silicates.
2. Volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCI): These inhibitors are used to protect metals during storage or transportation. They release a vapor that forms a thin layer on the metal surface, preventing corrosion. VCIs are often used for metals like steel and aluminum.
3. Cathodic inhibitors: These inhibitors work by shifting the electrochemical reactions on the metal surface to the cathodic (reduction) reaction, reducing the corrosion rate. They are often used in conjunction with a sacrificial anode, which is a more reactive metal that corrodes instead of the protected metal.
4. Mixed inhibitors: These inhibitors are a combination of different types of inhibitors and work synergistically to provide enhanced corrosion protection. They are often used in complex industrial environments where multiple corrosive agents are present.
Corrosion inhibitors can be added to various products such as coatings, lubricants, coolants, and cleaning solutions to protect the underlying metal surfaces. They are widely used in industries like oil and gas, chemical processing, automotive, and marine to extend the lifespan of metal equipment and structures.