Unit 6, Lesson 8 Unit Test: You will use the following questions to focus on this Assessment!
1. Why did George Washington make the Neutrality Proclamation?
2. Why did Alexander Hamilton place a tax on whiskey?
a. What was the effect of this decision?
3. Washington longed to retire to his fields at Mount Vernon. But he soon realized that the Nation under its Articles of Confederation was not functioning well, so he became a prime mover in the steps leading to the Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia in 1787. When the new Constitution was ratified, the Electoral College unanimously elected Washington President.
He did not infringe upon the policy making powers that he felt the Constitution gave Congress. But the determination of foreign policy became preponderantly a Presidential concern. When the French Revolution led to a major war between France and England, Washington refused to accept entirely the recommendations of either his Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, who was pro-French, or his Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, who was pro-British. Rather, he insisted upon a neutral course until the United States could grow stronger. —WhiteHouse.gov
a. Why did Jefferson and Hamilton want to adopt a policy of neutrality?
4. "The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. . . . Why, by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition. . .?"
—George Washington, Farewell Address
a. What interactions should the United States have with Europe?
5. Provide two reasons why Jefferson was opposed to the establishment of a national bank.
a.
b.
6. What was George Washington’s general belief about political parties?
7. Increased newspaper distribution and differences in opinion of the federal government’s power lead to the emergence of political parties. Explain.
8. What was the relationship like between Jefferson and Adams during the 1796 election?
a. How did this impact politics?
9. How did the war between France and Britain impact American naval forces?
10. Alien and Sedition Acts
a. What were they?
b. What power did they grant the federal government?
11. Marbury v. Madison
a. Why did Jefferson object to this decision?
12. Why was the Louisiana Purchase monumental to westward expansion?
13. What were some of the goals of Lewis and Clarks expeditions?
a. Economic:
b. Diplomatic:
14. Why was Thomas Jefferson in favor of the Embargo Act?
15. How did Tecumseh feel about the relationship between Native Americans and settlers?
16. How did American military might compare to that of the British during the war of 1812?
a. Army:
b. Navy:
17. The British blockade had hurt New England’s sea trade. Also, many New Englanders feared that the United States might win land in Florida and Canada. If new states were carved out of these lands, the South and the West would become more influential than New England.
Delegates from around New England met in Hartford, Connecticut, in December 1814. Most were Federalists. They disliked the Democratic Republican President and the war.
Some delegates to the Hartford Convention threatened to nullify, or cancel, the state of war in their states if the war continued. Others threatened to leave the Union.
Then, while the delegates debated what to do, news of the peace treaty arrived. The Hartford Convention ended quickly. With the war over, the protest was meaningless. In the end, the threat of secession further weakened the dying Federalist party.
a. How would this statement impact the Federalist party?
18. Clay’s American System
a. How would high tariffs help the West and South?
19. Spain’s refusal to destroy Negro Fort lead to what actions by the US military?
20. Gibbons v Ogden
a. What was John Marshall’s opinion about what constitutes commerce?
Short Answer Question:
Please provide 5 reasons why John Adams was not reelected in 1800.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. John Adams faced criticism for his handling of the XYZ Affair, a diplomatic incident where French agents demanded bribes from American diplomats, leading to strained relations between the United States and France.
2. Adams signed the Alien and Sedition Acts, which were seen as an infringement on free speech and civil liberties, leading to widespread opposition and resentment.
3. The Federalist Party, which Adams belonged to, was seen as elitist and out of touch with the common people, which hurt his chances of re-election.
4. Adams's failure to secure a strong alliance with Britain or France also weakened his standing among voters who wanted a more assertive foreign policy.
5. The economic situation in the United States was unstable during Adams's presidency, with a recession that led to high unemployment and financial hardship for many Americans. This economic downturn hurt his popularity and chances of re-election.
can you answer all the questions pls?
1. Why did George Washington make the Neutrality Proclamation?
George Washington made the Neutrality Proclamation to establish the United States as a neutral party in the conflict between France and England during the French Revolution. He wanted to avoid having the United States become entangled in foreign wars and focus on building the country's strength.
2. Why did Alexander Hamilton place a tax on whiskey?
Alexander Hamilton placed a tax on whiskey as a way to generate revenue for the federal government. The new nation faced significant financial challenges, and Hamilton believed that imposing a tax on whiskey, which was a popular and widely produced alcoholic beverage, would provide a reliable source of income.
a. What was the effect of this decision?
The tax on whiskey led to widespread opposition and resistance, particularly among farmers and distillers in western Pennsylvania. It eventually led to the Whiskey Rebellion, where protesters refused to pay the tax and even attacked tax collectors. The rebellion was crushed by federal forces, demonstrating the government's ability to enforce its laws.
3. Why did Jefferson and Hamilton want to adopt a policy of neutrality?
Jefferson and Hamilton wanted to adopt a policy of neutrality because they recognized the United States' fragile position as a young and developing nation. Both men believed that it was in the best interest of the country to avoid getting entangled in the conflicts and wars of Europe. They wanted the United States to maintain its independence and focus on internal development.
4. "The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. . . . Why, by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition. . .?" —George Washington, Farewell Address
a. What interactions should the United States have with Europe?
George Washington advocated for the United States to have minimal political connections with Europe and to focus on expanding commercial relations. He believed that the United States should fulfill any existing engagements with Europe in good faith but avoid becoming entangled in the controversies and conflicts that were foreign to the nation's interests.
5. Provide two reasons why Jefferson was opposed to the establishment of a national bank.
a. Jefferson believed that the Constitution did not grant the federal government the authority to establish a national bank. He argued for strict interpretation of the Constitution and believed that any powers not explicitly granted to the federal government should remain with the states.
b. Jefferson viewed a national bank as benefiting the wealthy and elite at the expense of the common people. He believed that it could lead to corruption and consolidation of economic power, which went against his vision of a decentralized agrarian society.
6. George Washington's general belief about political parties was that he believed they were divisive and detrimental to the unity and functioning of the nation. In his Farewell Address, he warned against the dangers of political factionalism and urged Americans to resist the urge to form political parties and instead prioritize the common good of the nation.
7. Increased newspaper distribution and differences in opinion of the federal government's power gave rise to political parties. As information became more widely accessible through newspapers, different viewpoints and ideologies were promoted, leading to the formation of factions and ultimately political parties. These parties served as vehicles for organizing and advocating for specific policy goals and philosophies, representing different interests and visions for the country.
8. During the 1796 election, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were political rivals representing the Democratic-Republican and Federalist parties, respectively. The election was characterized by personal attacks and disagreements, reflecting the deep ideological divide between the two men. Adams eventually won the presidency, becoming the second president of the United States, while Jefferson became the vice president. Their strained relationship during the election set the tone for subsequent political divisions and rivalries in American politics.
a. This impacted politics by solidifying the existence of political parties and reinforcing the notion of sharp partisan divisions. The election highlighted the different visions and policies proposed by the Democratic-Republicans and Federalists, laying the foundation for a two-party system in American politics.
9. The war between France and Britain during the Napoleonic era had a significant impact on American naval forces. The United States, as a neutral nation, faced challenges in maintaining its neutral rights as both France and Britain targeted American ships. This led to increased tensions and conflicts at sea, including incidents of impressment by British forces and attacks on American merchant vessels.
10.
a. The Alien and Sedition Acts were a series of laws passed by Congress in 1798 in response to fears of war with France. The Alien Act allowed for the deportation or imprisonment of non-citizens deemed dangerous to the country's security, while the Sedition Act made it a crime to publish "false, scandalous, or malicious writing" against the government.
b. These acts granted the federal government the power to curb freedom of speech and press, as well as restrict the rights of immigrants, particularly those from countries considered hostile to the United States. They were controversial and were seen by many as a violation of individual liberties protected by the First Amendment.
11. Marbury v. Madison was a landmark Supreme Court case in 1803 which established the principle of judicial review. Thomas Jefferson objected to this decision because it solidified the power of the Supreme Court to strike down laws deemed unconstitutional. Jefferson believed that the other branches of government should have the authority to interpret the Constitution, not just the court.
12. The Louisiana Purchase was monumental to westward expansion because it doubled the size of the United States and opened up vast new territories for settlement and exploration. It provided access to the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans, which facilitated trade and navigation. The Purchase also removed any potential threat of European colonization in the western part of the continent.
13.
a. Economically, the goals of Lewis and Clark's expeditions were to identify and establish potential trade routes and resources in the newly acquired western territories. They aimed to gather information on the economic potential of the region.
b. Diplomatically, the expeditions were intended to establish friendly relations with Native American tribes in the region, promote exploration, and assert the United States' sovereignty over these lands.
14. Thomas Jefferson was in favor of the Embargo Act as a response to British and French interference with American trade during the Napoleonic Wars. He believed that by embargoing all trade with foreign nations, particularly Britain and France, the United States could negotiate from a position of strength and protect its rights as a neutral nation.
15. Tecumseh, a Native American leader, felt that the relationship between Native Americans and settlers was detrimental to the interests and survival of Native American tribes. He viewed the expansion of American settlers onto Native American lands as a threat to their way of life and called for a united resistance against further encroachment.
16.
a. In terms of the army, the American military was relatively weak compared to the British during the War of 1812. The army was small, ill-trained, and ill-equipped, which resulted in several early defeats against the British forces.
b. However, the American navy achieved notable successes against the British at sea. The United States had a fleet of well-built and faster ships that were able to challenge British naval superiority and score significant victories in naval battles.
17. The statement that delegates at the Hartford Convention threatened to nullify the state of war and secede from the Union had a significant impact on the Federalist party. The Federalist party was already in decline and increasingly unpopular due to their opposition to the War of 1812. The perceived disloyalty and threat of secession further weakened the party's credibility and support among the general population, contributing to their ultimate demise as a political force.
18. Clay's American System proposed the implementation of high tariffs to protect American industries, particularly in the West and the South. The idea was that high tariffs would encourage domestic manufacturing by making imported goods more expensive and would also provide revenue for internal improvements such as roads and canals. This would benefit the West and the South by promoting economic growth and infrastructure development.
19. Spain's refusal to destroy Negro Fort, a stronghold occupied by fugitive slaves and Native Americans, led to military actions by the US. In 1816, US forces attacked the fort with the objective of eliminating a potential sanctuary for escaped slaves and asserting control over the region.
20. In the case of Gibbons v Ogden, Chief Justice John Marshall stated that any navigation, whether interstate or intrastate, fell under the jurisdiction of Congress and thus constituted commerce. His opinion conveyed that Congress had the power to regulate all forms of navigation and transportation, including those operating solely within state boundaries.
Short Answer Question:
Please provide 5 reasons why John Adams was not reelected in 1800.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. One reason John Adams was not reelected in 1800 was due to the political divide and animosity between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. Adams's presidency was characterized by strained relations with his own party, which weakened his support and led to internal divisions among Federalists.
2. The Alien and Sedition Acts, passed during Adams's presidency, were widely unpopular and seen as a violation of civil liberties and freedom of speech. The passage of these acts fueled opposition and resentment towards Adams and the Federalist Party.
3. Adams faced criticism for his handling of foreign policy, particularly in regard to the escalation of tensions with France following the XYZ Affair. Some believed that Adams had not done enough to avoid war and protect American interests.
4. Adams's signing of the Treaty of Mortefontaine, which ended the undeclared naval war with France known as the Quasi-War, was seen by some as a capitulation and a failure to secure more favorable terms for the United States. This dampened his popularity among certain factions.
5. Thomas Jefferson, who served as Adams's vice president and his main opponent in the election of 1800, led a well-organized campaign against Adams. Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans were able to mobilize popular support and capitalize on popular discontent with Adams's administration, ultimately leading to his defeat in the election.