Chromosomes and genes are alike in that they both contain genetic material and are part of DNA. However, the statements that they are both found on chromatids and encode a single protein are not accurate. Chromosomes are structures made up of DNA molecules, while genes are specific segments of DNA that provide instructions for making proteins. Chromosomes can contain multiple genes, and not all genes code for proteins. Some genes code for other types of molecules, and others have regulatory functions in controlling gene expression.
