Types of research
There are several types of research that can be classified based on different criteria. Here are some commonly recognized types of research:
1. Basic Research: Also known as pure or fundamental research, this type of research aims to expand knowledge and understanding in a particular field without any immediate application or practical implications.
2. Applied Research: This type of research is conducted with the intention of solving specific real-life problems or addressing practical issues. It involves the use of scientific methods to obtain practical results that can be directly implemented in various settings.
3. Quantitative Research: This research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data, often using statistical techniques, to draw conclusions about a particular phenomenon. It focuses on objective measures and utilizes structured surveys, experiments, or secondary data analysis.
4. Qualitative Research: This research seeks to explore and understand complex phenomena that cannot be easily measured or quantified. It involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., interviews, observations, textual analysis) to gain insights into people's behaviors, thoughts, and experiences.
5. Descriptive Research: This type of research aims to describe and document the characteristics and current status of a particular phenomenon or population. It is primarily concerned with answering "what" questions and often utilizes cross-sectional surveys or observational methods.
6. Experimental Research: In this type of research, the researcher manipulates certain variables and controls others to establish cause-and-effect relationships. It involves the random assignment of participants to different groups and the controlled application of interventions or treatments.
7. Exploratory Research: This research is conducted to explore a new or relatively uncharted area of knowledge or to identify potential research questions. It aims to generate new ideas or hypotheses and often utilizes methods such as literature reviews, focus groups, or case studies.
8. Developmental Research: Also known as action research or intervention research, this type of research aims to bring about specific changes or improvements in a given context. It involves identifying problems, implementing interventions, and evaluating their effectiveness.
9. Historical Research: This research examines past events, developments, or trends to gain a better understanding of their impact on the present. It involves the analysis of primary and secondary sources, such as documents, artifacts, or oral histories.
10. Cross-sectional Research: This research collects data from a population at a specific point in time to assess the prevalence or relationships of various variables. It provides a snapshot of the population's characteristics or behaviors but does not capture the temporal dimension.
These are just a few examples of the many types of research that exist. Different disciplines and research objectives may require specific approaches and methods to investigate and answer research questions effectively.