The Atkinson and Chevron model of memory has three stages what are they
The Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory, not Chevron, consists of three stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
1. Sensory memory: This is the initial stage of memory where information from our senses is briefly stored. It is a temporary storage system that holds a large amount of sensory information for a very short duration (typically less than a second). It includes iconic memory for visual information and echoic memory for auditory information.
2. Short-term memory: Also referred to as working memory, this stage is responsible for holding and manipulating information that is actively being used. It has a limited capacity and duration, with the capacity being around seven items (plus or minus two) and duration ranging from a few seconds to a minute. Short-term memory is involved in tasks like mental arithmetic, problem-solving, and decision-making.
3. Long-term memory: This stage has virtually unlimited capacity and stores information for an extended period, potentially for a lifetime. Long-term memory is further divided into two types: explicit (declarative) memory and implicit (procedural) memory.
- Explicit memory: Refers to consciously and intentionally remembering facts, events, and experiences. It is subdivided into episodic memory (personal experiences) and semantic memory (general knowledge and concepts).
- Implicit memory: Involves remembering skills, procedures, or behaviors without conscious awareness. This type of memory is usually acquired through repetition and practice and is not easily verbalized or consciously reflected upon.
These three stages of memory work together to encode, store, and retrieve information, forming a crucial part of our cognitive processes and ability to learn and remember.