Give details procedures how to prepare a working solution from stock solution
To prepare a working solution from a stock solution, follow these procedures:
1. Determine the desired concentration: Identify the required concentration of the working solution you wish to create. This concentration should be lower or higher than the concentration of the stock solution.
2. Calculate the volume needed: Use the formula C1V1 = C2V2, where C1 is the concentration of the stock solution, V1 is the volume of the stock solution to be used, C2 is the desired concentration of the working solution, and V2 is the volume of the working solution to be prepared. Rearrange the formula to solve for V1 or V2, depending on what is known.
3. Gather materials: Prepare the necessary materials and equipment, including the stock solution, a measuring device (e.g., pipette or volumetric flask), a container to mix the solutions, and a stirrer (if required).
4. Take safety measures: Put on appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, to ensure safety during the preparation process.
5. Measure the stock solution: Using a measuring device, accurately measure the required volume of the stock solution, V1, calculated in step 2. Transfer the measured volume to the container for mixing.
6. Dilute as necessary: If the desired working solution concentration is lower than the stock solution, add a suitable diluent (such as water or buffer) to the container, gradually and carefully, while stirring. Ensure complete mixing until a homogeneous solution is achieved. If the desired concentration is higher, no further dilution is required.
7. Verify the concentration: Use appropriate analytical techniques (such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry or titration) to confirm the concentration of the prepared working solution. Adjust the concentration, if necessary, by adding more stock solution or diluent until the desired concentration is achieved.
8. Label and store: Clearly label the working solution container with the concentration, date of preparation, and any other relevant information. Store the solution in the appropriate conditions (e.g., refrigeration or at room temperature) to maintain stability and longevity.
9. Document the procedure: Record the entire process, including calculations, measurements, and results, in a laboratory notebook or any other designated documentation system for future reference.
Following these procedures will help you accurately prepare a working solution from a stock solution with the desired concentration. Remember to maintain good laboratory practices and adhere to safety guidelines throughout the process.