Which human activity can result in the heat island effect is it covering the ground with concrete and pavement, converting forest to agricultural land, building, green spaces and roof gardens using habitable land for pastor land

The human activity that can result in the heat island effect is covering the ground with concrete and pavement. This is due to the fact that concrete and pavement absorb and retain solar radiation, contributing to increased surface temperatures in urban areas. Converting forests to agricultural land and building green spaces and roof gardens can actually help mitigate the heat island effect by providing shade and evapotranspiration, which cools the surroundings. Using habitable land for pasture land, on the other hand, does not directly contribute to the heat island effect unless it involves significant changes to the land cover, such as deforestation or soil compaction.