What was the result of the development of the Silk Road?(1 point)
Responses
It made travel easier between northern and southern China.
It made travel easier between northern and southern China.
It allowed the Chinese to learn the process of making silk.
It allowed the Chinese to learn the process of making silk.
It brought new ideas such as Buddhism to China.
It brought new ideas such as Buddhism to China.
It enabled the Shang to expand Chinese territory.
Look at the map of Asia and the barriers the Chinese people had to overcome. What creates the northern barrier of China's geographical isolation?
(1 point)
Responses
Taklamakan Desert
Taklamakan Desert
Himalaya Mountains
Himalaya Mountains
Gobi Desert
Gobi Desert
Pacific Ocean
What benefit did a standardized currency bring to China?(1 point)
Responses
It allowed the government to collect taxes.
It allowed the government to collect taxes.
It made it easier to trade anywhere in the empire.
It made it easier to trade anywhere in the empire.
It increased wealth for all citizens.
It increased wealth for all citizens.
It reduced the economic power of warlords.
By what means did Zhou rulers keep control over all the different regions of their kingdom?(1 point)
Responses
by starting a civil service based on the ideas of Confucius
by starting a civil service based on the ideas of Confucius
by keeping a strong army ready to put down any rebellion
by keeping a strong army ready to put down any rebellion
by putting family members in charge of individual regions.
by putting family members in charge of individual regions.
by treating the people with kindness and respect
Chinese settlement was restricted to the west by which natural barrier?(1 point)
Responses
the Gobi Desert
the Gobi Desert
the Himalaya Mountains
the Himalaya Mountains
the Pacific Ocean
the Pacific Ocean
the Huang River
What were the Confucian attitudes toward farmers and merchants in Han China?(1 point)
Responses
Farmers were little respected for low social status; merchants were little respected because they did not produce goods.
Farmers were little respected for low social status; merchants were little respected because they did not produce goods.
Farmers were highly respected for production of basic goods; merchants were highly respected for wealth.
Farmers were highly respected for production of basic goods; merchants were highly respected for wealth.
Farmers were little respected because they worked a lowly job; merchants were highly respected for traveling
Farmers were little respected because they worked a lowly job; merchants were highly respected for traveling
Farmers were highly respected for production of basic goods; merchants were little respected because they did not produce goods.
Why did China prosper under the Han dynasty? (1 point)
Responses
The Han valued the merchant class and promoted their work.
The Han valued the merchant class and promoted their work.
The Silk Road trading route increased trade.
The Silk Road trading route increased trade.
The Han dynasty did not interfere in the economy, leading to free trading.
The Han dynasty did not interfere in the economy, leading to free trading.
New crops developed drew additional trade.
What was an achievement of the Zhou dynasty?(1 point)
Responses
Silk Road
Silk Road
standard axel size
standard axel size
laquerware
laquerware
introduction of coins
Although merchants were not socially valued during the Han dynasty, what made them rich during this time?(1 point)
Responses
Daoism
Daoism
filial piety
filial piety
the Silk Road
the Silk Road
the Mandate of Heaven
Why was paper the most important innovation of the Han dynasty? (1 point)
Responses
because more people could afford books and learned to read
because more people could afford books and learned to read
because it enriched the merchant class
because it enriched the merchant class
because it led to superior battle tactics
because it led to superior battle tactics
because it created the art form of calligraphy
How did the Han government differ from the Qin government?(1 point)
Responses
The Han created a more centralized government than the Qin.
The Han created a more centralized government than the Qin.
The Han revived Confucian learning suppressed by the Qin.
The Han revived Confucian learning suppressed by the Qin.
The Han imposed harsher laws than the Qin.
The Han imposed harsher laws than the Qin.
The Han encouraged trade less than the Qin.
The civil service strengthened the Han empire because officials were not allowed to service in their home districts. Why was this?(1 point)
Responses
The emperor encouraged different parts of his empire to have connections.
The emperor encouraged different parts of his empire to have connections.
They needed to understand different parts of the empire to do their jobs successfully.
They needed to understand different parts of the empire to do their jobs successfully.
They could not then rely on their family and friends to do their job properly.
They could not then rely on their family and friends to do their job properly.
They could not then organize with their family and friends against the emperor.
They could not then organize with their family and friends against the emperor.
Which of these phrases best summarizes Legalism?(1 point)
Responses
Moral values are the key to social order.
Moral values are the key to social order.
Educating people leads to a strong society.
Educating people leads to a strong society.
Citizens are capable of governing themselves.
Citizens are capable of governing themselves.
Harsh laws are needed to keep order in society.
Harsh laws are needed to keep order in society.
What was the purpose of the Great Wall?(1 point)
Responses
to keep out nomads to the north
to keep out nomads to the north
to separate warring states
to separate warring states
to make trade and transportation easier
to make trade and transportation easier
to standardize Chinese roads
What were the effects of the Zhou metal workers mastering iron?(1 point)
Responses
Iron helped the Zhou rulers so much that they reserved the Mandate of Heaven for themselves alone.
Iron helped the Zhou rulers so much that they reserved the Mandate of Heaven for themselves alone.
Iron made stronger, more effective farm tools and increased crop yield.
Iron made stronger, more effective farm tools and increased crop yield.
The Zhou conquered the warlords and were the first to unify China.
The Zhou conquered the warlords and were the first to unify China.
Zhou craftman are known for their iron art and it is still sold today.
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER(S)
1. The development of the Silk Road resulted in making travel easier between northern and southern China, allowing for increased trade and cultural exchange.
2. The northern barrier of China's geographical isolation is created by the Gobi Desert, which acts as a natural barrier between China and the surrounding regions.
3. A standardized currency in China brought benefits such as making it easier to trade anywhere in the empire and allowing the government to collect taxes more efficiently.
4. Zhou rulers kept control over different regions of their kingdom by starting a civil service based on the ideas of Confucius and by keeping a strong army ready to put down any rebellion.
5. The settlement of Chinese people was restricted to the west by the natural barrier of the Gobi Desert.
6. Confucian attitudes toward farmers and merchants in Han China were that farmers were highly respected for the production of basic goods, while merchants were little respected because they did not produce goods.
7. China prospered under the Han dynasty due to the valuing of the merchant class and the promotion of their work, as well as the increased trade facilitated by the Silk Road trading route.
8. An achievement of the Zhou dynasty was the introduction of coins, which standardized the monetary system in China.
9. Although merchants were not socially valued during the Han dynasty, they became rich during this time due to the opportunities provided by the Silk Road for trade and the accumulation of wealth.
10. Paper was the most important innovation of the Han dynasty because it made books more affordable and allowed more people to learn how to read.
11. The Han government differed from the Qin government in that it created a more centralized government and revived Confucian learning that had been suppressed by the Qin.
12. The civil service strengthened the Han empire because officials were not allowed to serve in their home districts, which reduced the chances of corruption and favoritism.
13. Legalism can be summarized as the belief that harsh laws are needed to maintain social order and keep control over the population.
14. The purpose of the Great Wall was to keep out nomads from the north and provide defense against invasions.
15. The mastering of iron by Zhou metal workers resulted in the production of stronger and more effective farm tools, leading to increased crop yields. However, it did not directly reserve the Mandate of Heaven or conquer warlords. Iron art being sold today is not mentioned in the historical context of the Zhou dynasty.
How were oracle bones used?(1 point)
Responses
to pass down dynastic history
to pass down dynastic history
to predict the future
to predict the future
to record laws and official decrees
to record laws and official decrees
to teach students how to write
According to Laozi, what is the Dao?(1 point)
Responses
respect for authority
respect for authority
the natural way of the universe
the natural way of the universe
the home of the heavenly spirits
the home of the heavenly spirits
reverence for ancestors
What is the main topic discussed in the Analects of Confucius?(1 point)
Responses
the nature of the afterlife
the nature of the afterlife
living in harmony with nature
living in harmony with nature
proper behavior and ideals
proper behavior and ideals
successful battle strategies
What did Zhou artisans discover?(1 point)
Responses
how to mold bronze into farm tools
how to mold bronze into farm tools
how to decipher oracle bones
how to decipher oracle bones
how to make silk cloth
how to make silk cloth
how to make iron
Where did China's fist civilization develop?(1 point)
Responses
on the North China Plain
on the North China Plain
on the Plateau of Tibet
on the Plateau of Tibet
along the Chang River
along the Chang River
in the Gobi Desert
How did the location of the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts, the Himalaya Mountains, and the Pacific Ocean impact early settlement in China?(1 point)
Responses
It meant early peoples developed in isolation.
It meant early peoples developed in isolation.
It meant early peoples fought for fertile land as there wasn't very much.
It meant early peoples fought for fertile land as there wasn't very much.
It meant early peoples had to travel along he Chang River.
It meant early peoples had to travel along he Chang River.
It meant early peoples had to develop into a seafaring civilization.
EXPLAIN IN DETAIL
1. Oracle bones were used for divination purposes in ancient China. The bones, usually from animals such as turtle shells or ox scapulae, were inscribed with questions or statements and then heated until cracks formed. These cracks were then interpreted as messages from the ancestors or deities, providing guidance or predictions about the future. The inscriptions on the oracle bones also served as historical records, documenting events, rituals, and even the weather conditions of the time.
2. According to Laozi, the Dao refers to the natural way of the universe. It encompasses the principles and laws that govern the world, emphasizing the balance between opposing forces and the interconnectedness of all things. It is often associated with concepts such as harmony, the flow of energy, and the path to enlightenment or spiritual enlightenment.
3. The main topic discussed in the Analects of Confucius is proper behavior and ideals. The book consists of the teachings and conversations of Confucius and his disciples, focusing on moral values, social relationships, and the cultivation of virtues such as filial piety, loyalty, respect, and benevolence. It also emphasizes the importance of education, self-improvement, and the attainment of personal and social harmony.
4. Zhou artisans discovered how to make iron, which was a significant technological advancement during that time. The mastery of ironworking allowed for the production of stronger and more durable tools and weapons, leading to improvements in agriculture, warfare, and overall productivity. This advancement in metallurgy also contributed to the economic development and political power of the Zhou dynasty.
5. China's first civilization developed on the North China Plain. This region, also known as the Yellow River Valley, was ideal for settlement and agricultural activities due to its fertile soil, favorable climate, and access to water from the Yellow River. The early Chinese civilizations, such as the Shang and Zhou dynasties, were centered in this area and flourished due to the agricultural productivity and economic opportunities it offered.
6. The location of the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts, the Himalaya Mountains, and the Pacific Ocean had a significant impact on early settlement in China. These natural features created barriers that influenced the development of early peoples in several ways. The Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts acted as natural barriers, isolating early populations and limiting human settlement in these harsh and arid regions. The Himalaya Mountains provided a natural boundary, separating China from its southwestern neighbors and shaping the cultural and political landscape of the region. Lastly, the presence of the Pacific Ocean limited early settlement along the eastern coast, pushing civilizations to develop along river valleys, such as the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, rather than relying on maritime activities. Overall, these geographical features affected early settlement patterns, isolation, and the development of unique cultural and political identities in different regions of China.
1. The result of the development of the Silk Road was that it made travel easier between northern and southern China. This allowed for the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies between different regions, leading to economic growth and cultural diffusion.
2. The northern barrier of China's geographical isolation is created by the Gobi Desert. This vast desert acts as a natural barrier, making it difficult for people to travel and limiting interactions with neighboring regions.
3. A standardized currency brought several benefits to China. Firstly, it allowed the government to collect taxes more efficiently, as everyone would be using the same currency. Secondly, it made it easier to trade anywhere in the empire, as merchants and traders could rely on a consistent and widely accepted form of payment. Lastly, a standardized currency helped to promote economic stability and reduce the influence of warlords who could manipulate local currencies.
4. The Zhou rulers kept control over different regions of their kingdom by starting a civil service based on the ideas of Confucius. This meant that government officials were selected based on their merit and knowledge, rather than their family background or social status. This allowed for a more efficient and effective administration of the kingdom, ensuring loyalty and governance throughout the regions.
5. The western boundary of Chinese settlement was restricted by the Gobi Desert. This desert acted as a natural barrier, making it difficult for people to settle and expand their territory beyond it.
6. The Confucian attitudes toward farmers and merchants in Han China were that farmers were highly respected for the production of basic goods, as agriculture was seen as the foundation of society. On the other hand, merchants were little respected because they did not produce goods themselves and were often perceived as profit-oriented individuals who took advantage of others.
7. China prospered under the Han dynasty for various reasons. Firstly, the Han dynasty valued the merchant class and promoted their work, which led to increased trade and economic growth. Secondly, the establishment of the Silk Road trading route further enhanced trade and cultural exchange with neighboring regions. Additionally, the development of new crops and agricultural techniques contributed to increased productivity and wealth in the empire.
8. An achievement of the Zhou dynasty was the introduction of coins as a standardized form of currency. This innovation helped to facilitate trade and exchange within the empire, further promoting economic growth and stability.
9. Although merchants were not socially valued during the Han dynasty, they became rich during this time due to their participation in trade along the Silk Road. The Silk Road was a major trading route that connected China with various regions in Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. This allowed merchants to profit from the exchange of goods and to accumulate wealth through their engagement in long-distance trade.
10. Paper was the most important innovation of the Han dynasty because it made books more affordable and accessible to a larger population. This led to an increase in literacy rates and the spread of knowledge among the people. Paper also facilitated the development of other cultural and artistic achievements, such as calligraphy.
11. The Han government differed from the Qin government in several ways. Firstly, the Han created a more centralized government compared to the Qin, which had a more autocratic style of rule. The Han dynasty also revived Confucian learning, which had been suppressed during the Qin dynasty. Additionally, the Han imposed less harsh laws and punishments compared to the strict legalistic approach of the Qin dynasty. Lastly, the Han dynasty encouraged trade and economic growth more than the Qin dynasty, which had a more focus on centralized power and military expansion.
12. The civil service strengthened the Han empire because officials were not allowed to serve in their home districts. This helped to prevent favoritism and corruption, as officials would be less inclined to use their positions for personal gain if they weren't able to serve in familiar territories. It also ensured a broader understanding of the empire as officials were exposed to different regions and cultures, enabling them to govern more effectively and fairly.
13. Legalism is best summarized by the phrase "harsh laws are needed to keep order in society." Legalism was a school of thought that emphasized strict adherence to laws and regulations as a means to maintain social order and stability. It believed that people were inherently selfish and needed to be controlled through strict laws and severe punishments.
14. The purpose of the Great Wall was to keep out nomadic tribes from the north, particularly the Xiongnu. It served as a defensive barrier, protecting China from invasions and raids by nomadic groups. The Great Wall also acted as a symbol of national unity and strength.
15. The effects of the Zhou metal workers mastering iron were that it made stronger and more effective farm tools, leading to increased crop yield and agricultural productivity. This contributed to economic growth and the development of a more settled and prosperous society. Additionally, mastering iron also played a role in military advancements, enabling the Zhou dynasty to conquer neighboring warlords and unify China.