Place in chronological order 10 events that led to the collapse of the Roman Republic and rise of the Roman Empire starting with #1 the assassination of Tiberius Gracchus and finishing with #10 the end of the Pax Romana…be sure to name important people involved!
1. The assassination of Tiberius Gracchus (133 BCE) - Tiberius Gracchus, a popular tribune, advocated for land reforms, which threatened the senatorial elite. He was assassinated by supporters of the senatorial aristocracy.
2. The Social War (91-88 BCE) - Social tensions between Rome and its Italian allies erupted in war, as the Italians demanded citizenship rights. Roman general Gaius Marius played a significant role in suppressing the rebellion.
3. Sulla's dictatorship (82-81 BCE) - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, a prominent general, seized control of Rome and established a dictatorship, purging his enemies and strengthening the power of the Senate.
4. The rise of Julius Caesar (60-44 BCE) - Julius Caesar, a military general and politician, formed the First Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus, effectively taking control of Rome. His military conquests and populist policies threatened the senatorial order.
5. The Gallic Wars (58-50 BCE) - Caesar's conquest of Gaul (modern-day France) further expanded his power and popularity. It also created a powerful and loyal army that would later play a crucial role.
6. The Crossing of the Rubicon (49 BCE) - Caesar's decision to cross the Rubicon River with his army, against the Senate's orders, marked the start of the Roman Civil War. This led to the breakdown of the Republican system.
7. The Battle of Pharsalus (48 BCE) - Caesar defeated Pompey, another prominent general and member of the Senate. Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was assassinated.
8. The assassination of Julius Caesar (44 BCE) - A group of senators, led by Brutus and Cassius, assassinated Caesar in fear of his increasing power and potential for monarchy.
9. The Second Triumvirate and the end of the Republic (43 BCE) - After Caesar's death, Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian formed the Second Triumvirate. They purged their political enemies and divided the Roman territories among themselves, effectively ending the Republic.
10. The end of the Pax Romana (180 CE) - The period of relative peace and stability in the Roman Empire began to decline, as internal conflicts and external invasions weakened the empire. The end of the Pax Romana marked the further erosion of republican principles and the consolidation of imperial power.