Modes of transmission of TB
Tuberculosis (TB) can be transmitted through various modes. The primary mode of transmission is through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings, releasing infected droplets into the air. These droplets can be inhaled by others nearby, leading to transmission. However, it's important to note that not everyone who inhales the bacteria becomes infected with TB.
There are two types of TB infection: latent TB infection (LTBI) and active TB disease. In cases of LTBI, the bacteria remain dormant in the body, causing no symptoms and not being contagious. However, if the bacteria become active and multiply, TB disease can develop, which is contagious.
Other modes of transmission include:
1. Direct contact: TB can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected individual, particularly through close physical contact. This can occur through activities such as kissing, sharing utensils, or living in close quarters for an extended period.
2. Occupational exposure: Healthcare workers and people working in close proximity with TB patients are at a higher risk of contracting TB through occupational exposure. This can occur in healthcare facilities like hospitals, clinics, or correctional facilities.
3. Maternal-fetal transmission: Pregnant women with untreated active TB can transmit the infection to their unborn child through the placenta during pregnancy or during childbirth.
4. Contaminated objects: Although uncommon, TB bacteria can survive on surfaces and objects for a certain period. If a person touches these contaminated objects and then touches their mouth, nose, or eyes, they may become infected.
It's important to note that TB is not transmitted through casual contact such as hugging or shaking hands, sharing food or drinks, or using the same toilet or bathroom. Additionally, TB cannot be transmitted through kissing on the cheek or through sharing personal items like clothing, bedding, or towels.