Iodine is an important micronutrient a vitamin or mineral that
is essential for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of these thyroid hormones, specifically thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Inadequate intake of iodine can lead to thyroid disorders, such as goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland) and hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). It can also affect cognitive development in infants and children and cause learning disabilities and mental retardation.
Common dietary sources of iodine include seaweed, seafood (such as fish and shellfish), dairy products, and iodized salt. In regions where iodine deficiency is prevalent, iodized salt or iodine supplements are used to prevent deficiency and its related health issues.
However, it is important to note that excessive iodine intake can also have adverse effects on health, such as thyroid dysfunction. Therefore, maintaining a balanced intake of iodine is essential for overall health and well-being.