How did the Mali Empire come to an end?
The Mali Empire came to an end in the 17th century due to a combination of internal conflicts, external invasions, and economic decline. Here are some key factors that contributed to its downfall:
1. Internal conflicts and succession crisis: After the death of Mansa Musa, the empire experienced a series of succession disputes among his successors, leading to political instability and infighting among the ruling elites. This weakened the empire's centralized authority and cohesion.
2. Rebellion and revolts: The empire faced several rebellions from different regions and ethnic groups. The most significant revolt was led by the Songhai Empire, which gained independence and eventually overthrew the last Mansa of Mali in 1591.
3. External invasions: The Mali Empire faced invasions from different external forces. The first major invasion was by the Moroccan army in 1591, led by the Saadi Dynasty. They defeated the weakened Mali Empire and occupied its major cities, effectively ending its control.
4. Economic decline: After the death of Mansa Musa, the empire faced economic decline due to factors such as the depletion of gold mines, declining trade routes, and the loss of control over major trading cities. This weakened the economic power of the empire and affected its ability to maintain its military and administrative machinery.
Overall, a combination of internal conflicts, external invasions, and economic decline led to the gradual decline and eventual end of the Mali Empire.