2 What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society in the early 19th century? (2)
One major impact of the Industrial Revolution on society in the early 19th century was urbanization. As industries and factories began to emerge, more and more people relocated from rural areas to cities in search of employment opportunities. This rapid influx of people into cities led to overcrowding, poor living conditions, and the emergence of slums. The urban environment also brought about challenges such as pollution, lack of sanitation, and the spread of diseases.
Another significant impact of the Industrial Revolution was the transformation of the social structure. Previously, society was largely agrarian, with individuals living in close-knit, rural communities. However, with the advent of factories and industrialization, the social structure shifted towards a capitalist system. Wealth became concentrated in the hands of factory owners and the upper class, while the working class experienced difficult working conditions, long hours, and low wages. This economic divide between the rich and the poor further exacerbated social inequalities and led to the formation of labor movements and trade unions, as workers organized to fight for their rights and better working conditions.