Use the excerpt to answer the question.
"The subject to be regulated is commerce, and . . . it becomes necessary to settle the meaning of the word. The counsel for the appellee [party appealing to a higher court] would limit it to traffic, to buying and selling, or the interchange of commodities, and do not admit that it comprehends [includes] navigation. . . . All America understands, and has uniformly understood, the word "commerce" to comprehend navigation. It was so understood, and must have been so understood, when the Constitution was framed. . . .
The word ‘among’ means intermingled with. A thing which is among others is intermingled with them. Commerce among the States cannot stop at the external boundary line of each State, but may be introduced into the interior.”
—Chief Justice John Marshall, opinion of the court, Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Question
Which of the following best summarizes this excerpt from John Marshall’s opinion?
(1 point)
Responses
The definition of commerce is differently interpreted by each state.
The definition of commerce is differently interpreted by each state.
The most important area involving commerce is in securing the national economy.
The most important area involving commerce is in securing the national economy.
The buying and selling of goods across state borders ought to fall under stricter laws.
The buying and selling of goods across state borders ought to fall under stricter laws.
The transportation and navigation of goods is part of the constitutional definition of commerce.
The transportation and navigation of goods is part of the constitutional definition of commerce.
The excerpt from John Marshall's opinion in Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) suggests that the transportation and navigation of goods is part of the constitutional definition of commerce.
To answer this question, we need to analyze the excerpt from John Marshall's opinion in the Gibbons v. Ogden case. Marshall argues that the subject to be regulated is commerce, specifically addressing the meaning of the word "commerce." He mentions that the counsel for the appellee wants to limit the definition of commerce to traffic, buying and selling, or the interchange of commodities, excluding navigation. However, Marshall asserts that all of America understands and has uniformly understood commerce to include navigation. He explains that the word "among" means intermingled with, indicating that commerce among the states cannot be limited to the external boundaries of each state but can be introduced into the interior.
Based on this information, the best summary of the excerpt is: The transportation and navigation of goods is part of the constitutional definition of commerce.
Of the following choices, which ones influenced the emergence of opposing political parties? Select all that apply.
(1 point)
Responses
mounting pressure from Britain to further establish government
mounting pressure from Britain to further establish government
increase in the distribution of newspapers
increase in the distribution of newspapers
differences in opinion on how much power federal government should have
differences in opinion on how much power federal government should have
looming threat of war with France