The diagram shows part of the rock cycle. sedimentary rock _____________ metamorphic rock _____________ igneous rock ______________sediment
Heat and pressure
Weathering and erosion
Compaction and cementation
The correct sequence of processes is:
1) Weathering and erosion - This process involves the breaking down and movement of sediments from existing rocks.
2) Compaction and cementation - Sediments that have been eroded and transported become deposited, and over time, they undergo compaction due to the weight of overlying sediments. Cementation occurs when minerals precipitate and bind the sediments together.
3) Heat and pressure - When sedimentary rocks are subjected to increased temperature and pressure, either through burial or tectonic forces, they can undergo metamorphism and transform into metamorphic rocks.
4)Melting and cooling - When metamorphic rocks are subjected to extreme heat, they can melt and become magma. The magma eventually cools and solidifies, forming igneous rocks.
5) Weathering and erosion - Finally, the cycle begins again with the weathering and erosion of igneous rocks, leading to the formation of sediments.
The complete statement is as follows:
Sedimentary rock undergoes compaction and cementation to become metamorphic rock, which then undergoes heat and pressure to become igneous rock. Eventually, weathering and erosion break down the igneous rock into sediment.
To understand the missing processes in the rock cycle, we need to have a basic understanding of how rocks are formed and transformed. The rock cycle is a continuous process that describes the transformation of rocks from one type to another over geological time.
1. Sedimentary rock: Sedimentary rocks are formed through the accumulation and consolidation of sediments. Sediments consist of weathered fragments of other rocks, minerals, and organic matter. The missing process from sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock is "heat and pressure."
2. Metamorphic rock: Metamorphic rocks are formed when pre-existing rocks, including sedimentary rocks, are subjected to high heat and pressure deep within the Earth's crust. These conditions cause the minerals and textures of the rocks to change. The missing process from metamorphic rock to igneous rock is "melting and cooling."
3. Igneous rock: Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock material, either magma (inside the Earth) or lava (on the Earth's surface). The missing process from igneous rock to sediment is "weathering and erosion."
4. Sediment: Weathering and erosion break down rocks at the Earth's surface. Weathering refers to the physical and chemical processes that cause rocks to disintegrate into smaller particles, whereas erosion is the transport of those particles by natural agents like water, wind, or ice. Eventually, the eroded particles settle and accumulate as sediment, which can then be lithified into sedimentary rock to complete the cycle.
So, to fill in the blanks:
- Sedimentary rock is formed through compaction and cementation of sediments.
- Metamorphic rock is formed through the application of heat and pressure on sedimentary rock.
- Igneous rock is formed through the melting and cooling of metamorphic or other igneous rocks.
- Sediment is formed through weathering and erosion of igneous rock.
Understanding the rock cycle helps in comprehending the processes that shape the Earth's crust and how different types of rocks are interrelated.