What method can be used to separate naphthalene - sodium chloride mixture
One method that can be used to separate a naphthalene-sodium chloride mixture is by sublimation. Since naphthalene sublimes (changes directly from a solid to a gas) at a relatively low temperature, while sodium chloride does not, this method can be effective in separating the two substances.
The steps involved in the sublimation process are as follows:
1. Set up a sublimation apparatus consisting of a heat source (such as a Bunsen burner), a heat-resistant container, and a condenser or cooling apparatus.
2. Heat the mixture gently, allowing the naphthalene to sublimate. The naphthalene will turn into a gas and rise, leaving behind the solid sodium chloride.
3. Use the condenser or cooling apparatus to cool the gas, causing it to condense back into a solid form.
4. Collect the condensed naphthalene in a separate container.
5. The sodium chloride that remains in the original container can be easily separated by pouring off the excess liquid or by dissolving in water and evaporating the water to obtain the sodium chloride crystals.
Note: This method is applicable only if the mixture contains a significant amount of naphthalene in comparison to sodium chloride. If the mixture has a higher concentration of sodium chloride, other separation techniques like filtration or evaporation may be more appropriate.
To separate a mixture of naphthalene and sodium chloride, you can use the method of sublimation. The basic steps involved in this process are as follows:
Step 1: Set up the apparatus
- Take a heat-resistant container or a sublimation apparatus which consists of two connected chambers.
- The upper chamber is where the mixture will be placed, and the lower chamber will collect the separated naphthalene.
Step 2: Heat the mixture
- Apply heat to the mixture using a Bunsen burner or a heating source.
- Naphthalene sublimes at a relatively low temperature (around 80 °C), while sodium chloride remains solid.
- The heat will cause the naphthalene to directly vaporize into a gas without melting into a liquid.
Step 3: Collect the separated naphthalene
- The naphthalene vapor will rise through the upper chamber.
- As the vapor reaches the cooler surfaces, it will condense back into a solid state.
- The condensed naphthalene will collect in the lower chamber of the sublimation apparatus.
Step 4: Remove the separated naphthalene
- Once the condensation process is complete, carefully detach the lower chamber and collect the separated naphthalene.
- The sodium chloride will remain in the original container since it doesn't undergo sublimation.
By following these steps, you should be able to separate naphthalene from the sodium chloride mixture using the sublimation method.
To separate a mixture of naphthalene and sodium chloride, you can utilize the process of sublimation. Sublimation is the phase transition of a substance directly from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid state.
Here's how you can perform the separation:
1. Obtain the mixture of naphthalene and sodium chloride. Ensure that it is well-mixed to achieve uniform distribution.
2. Prepare a sublimation setup, consisting of a heating source (e.g., Bunsen burner or hot plate) and a condenser (e.g., an inverted beaker or a cooled surface).
3. Place the mixture in a suitable container (such as an evaporating dish).
4. Apply gentle heat to the mixture, ensuring that it does not reach its boiling point. Naphthalene sublimes at a temperature of around 80.2°C (176.4°F), while sodium chloride has a much higher melting point of 801°C (1,474°F).
5. The naphthalene will start to sublime, with its vapors rising from the mixture. As the vapors come into contact with the cooler condenser, they will condense back into solid form. This process effectively separates the naphthalene from the sodium chloride.
6. After the sublimation process, carefully collect the solid naphthalene crystals that have condensed on the condenser or cooled surface.
7. The remaining substance in the container will predominantly be sodium chloride, as it does not readily undergo sublimation. You can further purify the sodium chloride by dissolving it in water, filtering to remove any insoluble impurities, and then evaporating the water to obtain pure sodium chloride crystals.
By employing sublimation, the naphthalene can be separated from the sodium chloride based on their different physical properties (sublimation temperature and melting point).