Use the excerpt to answer the question.
“War alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have courage to meet it. All other trials are substitutes, which never really put men into the position where they have to make the great decision…”
—Benito Mussolini, “What is Fascism?” The Italian Encyclopedia, 1932
Which of these statements best evaluates fascist philosophy that developed during the 1920s and 1930s in Europe?
A fascist state gains respect by using diplomacy rather than warfare.
A fascist state gains honor by using warfare as a last resort.
A fascist nation gains power by defeating its enemies through warfare.
A fascist state gains glory by restricting military service to the upper class.
A fascist nation gains power by defeating its enemies through warfare.
To answer this question, we need to evaluate the provided excerpt from Benito Mussolini's essay on fascism. According to the excerpt, Mussolini believed that war brings out the highest level of human energy and bestows nobility upon those who possess the courage to face it. He also suggests that all other trials are merely substitutes and do not put individuals in a position where they have to make significant decisions.
Based on this information, the statement that best evaluates fascist philosophy is: A fascist state gains honor by using warfare as a last resort. Mussolini's emphasis on the importance of war and its ability to elevate a nation suggests that a fascist state believes in the use of warfare, but as a last resort rather than as the initial means to gain respect or glory.
Based on the excerpt provided, the statement that best evaluates fascist philosophy that developed during the 1920s and 1930s in Europe is:
A fascist state gains honor by using warfare as a last resort.