What do you think of when you hear the term martial arts?  If you say "fighting," you're not alone.  The word martial refers to war or fighting.  But martial arts involve much more.  There are at least 170 different forms of martial arts.  They include sumo wrestling and judo.  All of them combine movement, self-defense, and mental training.  Students take part in matches to show their skills.  Each martial art has its own history and rules.  But many of them share certain features.  Three very popular forms are karate, muay thai, and capoeira.Karate came from Japan with a strong influence from China.  The word karate means "empty hand."  People do not use any weapons.  They use only their hands and feet.Physical training is central to karate.  But so are respect, honesty and non-violence.  These are important ideas.  Students learn to respect their teacher.  They also respect themselves and their opponent.  Grace, good form, and a calm mind are just as important as strength and power.Like many other martial arts, karate has different levels of skill.  For each level, there is a different-colored belt.  Students wear the belt with a uniform called a gi.  It is a loose two-piece outfit, usually white.  It has a jacket and pants.Before fighting, opponents bow to each other to show respect.Another well-known martial art is muay thai (pronounced MOY tie).  It comes from Thailand.  Like karate, it had some influence from China.  And, as in karate, fighters use their hands and feet.  But muay thai also allows the use of elbows and knees.  Training for this sport builds power, speed, and fitness.The traditions of muay thai have been passed down for hundreds of years.  Being a muay thai fighter is not just a sport; it is a way of life.  Fighters start training when they are very young.  They must show respect to their teacher before they can enter the gym.  They only begin fighting when their teacher says they are ready.  Fighters often earn money to support their families.  And they are honored with festivals, music, and dancing.Like karate, muay thai is an Olympic sport.  But safety is very important.  Fighters must wear safety gear so they don't hurt each other.  Gear includes head and mouth guards, pads, and gloves.  Muay thai does not have belts to show levels of skill, as karate does.  There is no uniform, either.  Most fighters wear only loose shorts and perhaps a shirt.Capoeira (kap-uh-WEH-ra) is a third kind of martial art.  Unlike karate and muay thai, it does not come from Asia.  It is from Brazil, but it comes from West African culture.  Enslaved African people in Brazil were not allowed to fight.  So they hid their kicks and punches in a dance.  They mixed the movements with music.Some people think that breakdancing came from capoeira.Capoeira is a performance as well as a martial art.  People wear loose-fitting shirts and pants, usually white.  Many schools use colored belts or cords to show skill levels.  Some performances offer only dances.  They show off skillful moves and tumbles.  In others, people compete to make their opponent lose rhythm or fall over.Most martial arts come from very old traditions.  They combine both mental and physical elements.  They also teach about respect, discipline, and culture.Question 1What structure does the author use to organize information in this passage?(1 point)Responsestime ordertime ordercause and effectcause and effectproblem and solutionproblem and solutioncomparison and contrastcomparison and contrastQuestion 2What is one difference between karate and muay thai?(1 point)ResponsesKarate doesn't allow kicks, but muay thai does.Karate doesn't allow kicks, but muay thai does.Karate is an Olympic sport, but muay thai is not.Karate is an Olympic sport, but muay thai is not.Karate has a traditional uniform, but muay thai does not.Karate has a traditional uniform, but muay thai does not.Karate uses weapons, but muay thai uses only the body.Karate uses weapons, but muay thai uses only the body.Question 3How is capoeira different from both karate and muay thai?(1 point)ResponsesIt is not from Asia.It is not from Asia.It has a long history.It has a long history.It is an Olympic sport.It is an Olympic sport.It does not allow competition.It does not allow competition.Question 4Read the descriptions in the chart.  Check each description to tell if it fits karate, muay thai, and/or capoeira.(4 points)Karate Muay Thai CapoeiraStudents usually wear white clothing. Karate – Students usually wear white clothing.Muay Thai – Students usually wear white clothing.Capoeira – Students usually wear white clothing.It uses protective gear in the Olympics. Karate – It uses protective gear in the Olympics.Muay Thai – It uses protective gear in the Olympics.Capoeira – It uses protective gear in the Olympics.Respect is very important. Karate – Respect is very important.Muay Thai – Respect is very important.Capoeira – Respect is very important.Colored belts show skill levels. Karate – Colored belts show skill levels.Muay Thai – Colored belts show skill levels.Capoeira – Colored belts show skill levels.

Karate – Students usually wear white clothing.

Muay Thai – Students usually wear white clothing.
Capoeira – Students usually wear white clothing.
Karate – It uses protective gear in the Olympics.
Muay Thai – It uses protective gear in the Olympics.
Capoeira – It uses protective gear in the Olympics.
Karate – Respect is very important.
Muay Thai – Respect is very important.
Capoeira – Respect is very important.
Karate – Colored belts show skill levels.
Muay Thai – Colored belts show skill levels.
Capoeira – Colored belts show skill levels.

Question 1: The author uses the structure of time order to organize the information in this passage. The passage starts by introducing the concept of martial arts and then goes on to provide information about three different forms of martial arts: karate, muay thai, and capoeira.

Question 2: One difference between karate and muay thai is that karate has a traditional uniform, called a gi, while muay thai does not have a uniform.

Question 3: Capoeira is different from both karate and muay thai because it is not from Asia. It originated in Brazil and has its roots in West African culture.

Question 4: The descriptions in the chart fit the following martial arts:
- Students usually wear white clothing: Karate, Muay Thai, and Capoeira.
- It uses protective gear in the Olympics: Karate, Muay Thai, and Capoeira.
- Respect is very important: Karate, Muay Thai, and Capoeira.
- Colored belts show skill levels: Karate, Muay Thai, and Capoeira.

Question 1:

The structure that the author uses to organize information in this passage is time order. The author provides a chronological overview of different martial arts and their characteristics.

Question 2:
One difference between karate and muay thai is that karate is an Olympic sport, but muay thai is not.

Question 3:
Capoeira is different from both karate and muay thai because it is not from Asia and it does not allow competition.

Question 4:
The descriptions in the chart can be checked as follows:

- Karate: Students usually wear white clothing. It uses protective gear in the Olympics. Respect is very important. Colored belts show skill levels.

- Muay Thai: Students usually wear white clothing. It uses protective gear in the Olympics. Respect is very important.

- Capoeira: Students usually wear white clothing. It uses protective gear in the Olympics. Respect is very important. Colored belts show skill levels.
(Note: Capoeira does not actually use colored belts, this was answered incorrectly. Apologies for the mistake.)