Which of the following are the functions of the high energy electrons in the electron support chain?
They carry NADH and FADH2
They create ATP synthase
They make ATP from ADP
They hold water bonds
The correct functions of high energy electrons in the electron transport chain are:
1. They carry NADH and FADH2: High energy electrons are passed from NADH and FADH2 molecules to the electron transport chain, which helps in the generation of a proton gradient.
2. They create ATP synthase: As the high energy electrons move through the electron transport chain, they pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The accumulation of protons creates a proton gradient, which is then used by ATP synthase to generate ATP.
3. They make ATP from ADP: The energy derived from the movement of high energy electrons through the electron transport chain is used to generate ATP from ADP through a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
Therefore, the correct options are:
- They carry NADH and FADH2
- They create ATP synthase
- They make ATP from ADP
The functions of high energy electrons in the electron transport chain are as follows:
1. They carry NADH and FADH2: High-energy electrons, derived from NADH and FADH2, are transported along the electron transport chain.
2. They generate ATP: As the high-energy electrons move along the electron transport chain, they create a flow of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, establishing an electrochemical gradient. This gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP.
3. They facilitate oxidative phosphorylation: The movement of high-energy electrons during the electron transport chain allows for the synthesis of ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation. This means that high-energy electrons ultimately contribute to the conversion of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
So, in summary, the functions of high-energy electrons in the electron transport chain include carrying NADH and FADH2, generating ATP, and facilitating oxidative phosphorylation. They do not hold water bonds.
The functions of high energy electrons in the electron transport chain are as follows:
1. They carry NADH and FADH2: High energy electrons derived from the breakdown of nutrients, such as glucose, are transferred to electron carriers like NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FADH2 (flavin adenine dinucleotide) during metabolic processes like glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. These electron carriers transport the high energy electrons to the electron transport chain.
2. They create ATP synthase: As the high energy electrons move through the electron transport chain, they transfer energy to protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This energy is used to pump protons (H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical gradient.
3. They make ATP from ADP: ATP synthase is an enzyme embedded in the mitochondrial membrane that utilizes the energy generated from the flow of protons (H+) down their electrochemical gradient to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The high energy electrons in the electron transport chain indirectly enable the production of ATP by providing the energy necessary for the functioning of ATP synthase.
4. They do not hold water bonds: High energy electrons in the electron transport chain do not directly hold water bonds. However, during the process of oxidative phosphorylation, water is produced as a byproduct when oxygen molecules accept electrons and protons at the end of the electron transport chain.
To summarize, the high energy electrons in the electron transport chain carry NADH and FADH2, create ATP synthase, and enable the synthesis of ATP from ADP. They do not directly hold water bonds, but water is produced as a result of their participation in the electron transport chain.