the following are short term effects of tobacco EXCEPT.

weakened immune system

nicotine addiction

bad breath

yellowed teeth

dulled taste buds

weakened immune system

The correct answer is "weakened immune system."

To determine which of the options is NOT a short-term effect of tobacco, we need to understand what each option means. Let's look at each option:

1. Weakened immune system: Tobacco use can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and illnesses. This is a short-term effect of tobacco.

2. Nicotine addiction: Nicotine is a highly addictive substance found in tobacco. When individuals use tobacco, nicotine is absorbed into their bloodstream, leading to addiction. This is a short-term effect of tobacco.

3. Bad breath: Smoking or using tobacco products can cause bad breath due to the chemicals and particles in the tobacco smoke. This is a short-term effect of tobacco.

4. Yellowed teeth: Tobacco use can cause staining of the teeth due to the nicotine and tar present in tobacco smoke. This is a short-term effect of tobacco.

5. Dulled taste buds: When individuals use tobacco, it can affect their sense of taste, causing a decrease in sensitivity to flavors. This is also a short-term effect of tobacco.

Given that all four options discussed so far are short-term effects of tobacco, it means that the answer is: The short-term effects of tobacco do NOT include dulled taste buds.