What is a null and alternatives hypothesis.
Give two example each
A null hypothesis is a statement that assumes there is no relationship or difference between variables being tested. It represents the default or conservative position that there is no effect or association. An alternative hypothesis, on the other hand, is a statement that contradicts or proposes an alternative to the null hypothesis. It suggests that there is a relationship or difference between variables.
Example 1 - Hypothesis related to a clinical trial:
Null hypothesis: The new drug has no effect on reducing symptoms of a particular disease.
Alternative hypothesis: The new drug has a significant effect on reducing symptoms of a particular disease.
Example 2 - Hypothesis related to consumer behavior:
Null hypothesis: There is no difference in purchasing habits between men and women.
Alternative hypothesis: There is a significant difference in purchasing habits between men and women.
Example 3 - Hypothesis related to education:
Null hypothesis: The teaching method has no impact on students' test performance.
Alternative hypothesis: The teaching method significantly improves students' test performance.
The null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis are both statements used in hypothesis testing.
1. Null hypothesis: The null hypothesis is a statement that suggests there is no significant difference or relationship between variables. It is denoted as "H0."
Example 1: H0: There is no difference in the mean weight of males and females in the population.
Example 2: H0: There is no correlation between hours studied and test scores.
2. Alternative hypothesis: The alternative hypothesis is a statement that contradicts the null hypothesis and suggests there is a significant difference or relationship between variables. It is denoted as "Ha" or "H1."
Example 1: Ha: The mean weight of males and females in the population is different.
Example 2: Ha: There is a positive correlation between hours studied and test scores.
A null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis are common terms used in hypothesis testing, which is a statistical method used to make inferences or draw conclusions about a population based on a sample.
1. Null hypothesis (H0): This hypothesis assumes that there is no statistically significant relationship, difference, or effect between variables or groups. It suggests that any observed differences or relationships are due to chance or random variation.
- Example 1: Null hypothesis about the effectiveness of a new drug: "There is no difference in pain relief between patients who received the new drug and those who received a placebo."
- Example 2: Null hypothesis about the effect of studying on exam performance: "There is no relationship between the number of hours studied and the exam scores."
2. Alternative hypothesis (H1 or Ha): This hypothesis proposes that there is a statistically significant relationship, difference, or effect between variables or groups. It contradicts the null hypothesis and suggests that any observed results are not due to chance.
- Example 1: Alternative hypothesis about the effectiveness of a new drug: "The new drug provides greater pain relief compared to the placebo."
- Example 2: Alternative hypothesis about the effect of studying on exam performance: "There is a positive relationship between the number of hours studied and the exam scores."
To determine which hypothesis is more likely to be true, data is collected and analyzed using statistical tests. Based on the test results, one hypothesis is either rejected in favor of the other or retained due to insufficient evidence to reject it.