An atom of an element can change into an atom of another element if it is:
a
extremely stable
b
radioactive and it's nucleus can trap or emit particles
c
an ion and it's atomic number is larger than it's mass number
d
an isotope and it has more electrons than neutrons
b
The correct answer is b: radioactive and its nucleus can trap or emit particles.
In radioactive decay, an unstable atom can change into an atom of another element by emitting particles or capturing neighboring particles. This process can occur when the nucleus of the atom is unstable and seeks to reach a more stable state. The emitted particles can include alpha particles (helium nuclei), beta particles (electrons or positrons), or gamma rays (high-energy photons).
Therefore, option b correctly describes the condition under which an atom of one element can change into an atom of another element.
To answer this question, we need to analyze each option and determine whether it describes a possibility for an atom of one element to change into an atom of another element. Let's break down each option:
a) "Extremely stable" is not a characteristic that would cause an atom to change into a different element. Stability refers to an atom's ability to maintain its structure and avoid decay or reactions with other elements. It does not involve a transformation into another element. Therefore, this option is not the correct answer.
b) The statement "radioactive and its nucleus can trap or emit particles" is referring to a process called radioactive decay. Radioactive atoms have an unstable nucleus, which means it can undergo spontaneous changes by emitting particles (such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays) to form a different atom of another element. This process leads to the transformation of one element into another. Therefore, this option is a valid explanation for an atom of an element changing into an atom of another element.
c) The statement "an ion and its atomic number is larger than its mass number" is not accurate. An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge. The relationship between the atomic number and the mass number does not determine the likelihood of an atom changing into another element. Therefore, this option is not the correct answer.
d) The statement "an isotope and it has more electrons than neutrons" is incorrect. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons (similar atomic number). The difference in the number of neutrons does not affect the element itself. Therefore, this option is not the correct answer.
Based on the analysis above, the correct answer to the question is option b: "radioactive and its nucleus can trap or emit particles."