Which of the following explains how the Norfolk four-course field rotation led to better farm management and increased production? (1 point)
The Norfolk four-course field rotation led to better farm management and increased production through the following steps:
1. Step 1: Crop diversification
The rotation involved dividing the land into four fields and planting different crops in each field. This practice of diversification helped replenish soil fertility and nutrients as different crops have varying nutrient requirements. By rotating crops, farmers were able to reduce soil depletion and increase productivity.
2. Step 2: Nitrogen fixation
One of the key crops in the rotation was legumes, such as peas or beans. These plants have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil through their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules. Nitrogen fixation enriched the soil with this essential nutrient, which benefited subsequent crops that required nitrogen for healthy growth.
3. Step 3: Weed control
By alternating crops, the rotation helped control weeds. Different crops have different growth patterns and heights, which can outcompete and suppress weeds. For example, cereals grown in the rotation can produce dense canopies that shade out weed growth, reducing the need for herbicides and manual weeding. This improved weed control increased overall crop yield.
4. Step 4: Pest and disease management
The four-course rotation minimized disease and pest risks by disrupting their life cycles. Different crops attract different pests and diseases. By rotating crops, farmers prevented the buildup of pests and diseases that are specific to one particular crop. This reduced the reliance on pesticides and allowed crops to grow healthier, resulting in increased production.
In summary, the Norfolk four-course field rotation improved farm management and increased production by diversifying crops, replenishing soil nutrients, controlling weeds, and managing pests and diseases effectively.