Use the excerpt to answer the question
"War alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have courage to meet it All other trials are substitutes, which never really put men into the position where they have to make the great decision
-Bento Mussolini, "What is Fascism? The Italian Encyclopedia, 1932
Which of these statements best evaluates fascist philosophy that developed during the 1920s and 1930s in Europe?
(1 point)
A. A fascist state gains honor by using warfare as a last resort
B. A fascist nation gains power by defeating its enemies through warfare
C. A fascist state gains glory by restricting military service to the upper class
D. A fascist state gains respect by using diplomacy rather than warfare
B. A fascist nation gains power by defeating its enemies through warfare
The correct answer is B. A fascist nation gains power by defeating its enemies through warfare. This is supported by the excerpt from Bento Mussolini, who states that war brings out the highest tension of human energy and puts a stamp of nobility on the peoples who have the courage to meet it. This implies that fascism values and promotes warfare as a means to gain power and glory.
To answer this question, we need to analyze the excerpt provided. In the excerpt, Mussolini praises war, and states that war brings out the best in people and gives them nobility. He also implies that other trials are substitutes and do not require individuals to make significant decisions. From this, we can infer that Mussolini's fascist philosophy during the 1920s and 1930s in Europe valued and glorified warfare.
Now let's evaluate each statement:
A. A fascist state gains honor by using warfare as a last resort - This statement does not accurately reflect Mussolini's views in the excerpt. He does not mention warfare as a last resort, but rather glorifies it as the ultimate test of human energy.
B. A fascist nation gains power by defeating its enemies through warfare - This statement aligns more closely with Mussolini's views. He implies that by meeting the challenge of war, a nation can acquire nobility and respect.
C. A fascist state gains glory by restricting military service to the upper class - The excerpt does not provide any information about the restriction of military service to the upper class. This statement is not supported by the given information.
D. A fascist state gains respect by using diplomacy rather than warfare - This statement contradicts Mussolini's praise of war in the excerpt. He suggests that war is the ultimate test and brings out the best in people, which implies that diplomacy is not a preferred approach.
Based on the analysis, the statement that best evaluates fascist philosophy that developed during the 1920s and 1930s in Europe, as reflected in the excerpt, is:
B. A fascist nation gains power by defeating its enemies through warfare.