Calcium carbonate is the major source of cement industry in png. Name other high grade stones
Some other high-grade stones used in the cement industry include:
1. Limestone
2. Clay
3. Shale
4. Sandstone
5. Quartzite
6. Chalk
7. Gypsum
8. Marl
9. Basalt
10. Granite
Apart from calcium carbonate, there are several other high-grade stones used in the cement industry. Some of them include:
1. Limestone: Similar to calcium carbonate, limestone is another commonly used raw material in cement production. It contains a high percentage of calcium carbonate and provides the necessary calcareous material required for cement manufacturing.
2. Clay: Clay minerals such as kaolin, clay shale, and others are used in cement production as a source of silica, alumina, and iron. These minerals are important in the formation of cement clinker, which is a key component in the manufacturing process.
3. Silica: Silica, in the form of quartz or sand, is used as a source of silica oxide (SiO2) in cement production. It acts as a fluxing agent, which helps in decreasing the melting point of raw materials and improves the overall quality of the cement.
4. Gypsum: Gypsum is added during the grinding process of cement production to control the setting time and prevent flash setting. It is a significant mineral used in the industry to regulate the cement's hardening properties.
5. Iron ore: Iron ore, in the form of hematite or magnetite, is used as a source of iron oxide (Fe2O3) in cement production. It provides the iron component necessary for the production of cement clinker.
6. Bauxite: Bauxite, a type of aluminum ore, is sometimes used in cement production. It acts as a source of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and serves as a fluxing agent in the kiln to reduce the melting point of raw materials.
These are just a few examples of the high-grade stones used in the cement industry, but there are other materials and additives employed depending on specific requirements and geographical locations.
To find other high-grade stones used in the cement industry, you can follow these steps:
1. Start by researching the types of stones commonly used in the cement industry. Some examples include limestone, clay, shale, marl, and silica sand.
2. Find information about the geological composition and availability of these stones in Papua New Guinea (PNG). This can be done through government geological surveys, academic research papers, or consulting experts in the field.
3. Check if limestone, which is the main component of calcium carbonate, is available in high grade in PNG. Limestone is often used as a primary source of calcium carbonate in cement production. Look for limestone deposits with high purity and suitable chemical composition for cement production.
4. Explore other types of rocks or minerals that can be used as suitable substitutes or supplements to calcium carbonate in cement production. For example, pozzolanic materials like volcanic ash or fly ash from coal power plants are sometimes used to enhance cement properties.
5. Consult with local cement manufacturers, construction companies, or industry experts in PNG to get insights into the specific requirements and preferences of the cement industry in the country. They might have information about local high-grade stones used in cement production.
By following these steps, you should be able to identify other high-grade stones used in the cement industry in Papua New Guinea aside from calcium carbonate (calcite).