Identify the bonds C - C, C-H, and C - O in a molecule of butyric acid as polar covalent or nonpolar covalent.
Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
C - C: Nonpolar covalent
C - H: Nonpolar covalent
C - O: Polar covalent
C - C: Nonpolar covalent
C-H: Nonpolar covalent
C - O: Polar covalent
To determine whether the bonds in a molecule of butyric acid (C4H8O) are polar covalent or nonpolar covalent, we need to consider the electronegativity difference between the atoms involved in each bond.
- C - C bond: This bond consists of two carbon atoms. Carbon has an electronegativity value of 2.55. Since the two atoms have the same electronegativity, the C - C bond is nonpolar covalent.
- C - H bond: This bond consists of a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom. Carbon has an electronegativity value of 2.55, while hydrogen has an electronegativity value of 2.20. The electronegativity difference is small, so the C - H bond is considered nonpolar covalent.
- C - O bond: This bond consists of a carbon atom and an oxygen atom. Carbon has an electronegativity value of 2.55, while oxygen has an electronegativity value of 3.44. The electronegativity difference is significant, indicating that the C - O bond is polar covalent.
Based on these considerations:
Nonpolar covalent bonds: C - C, C - H
Polar covalent bond: C - O