Identify the major type of attractive force between the particles of each of the following:
Which one is
Cl2
dipole dipole attraction
ionic bond
dispersion forces
hydrogen bond
The major type of attractive force between the particles of Cl2 is dispersion forces.
For Cl2, the major type of attractive force between its particles is dispersion forces.
To identify the major type of attractive force between the particles of a substance, we need to consider the nature of the particles and their interactions.
Let's analyze each option:
1. Cl2 (chlorine gas):
Chlorine gas is made up of chlorine molecules (Cl2). In this case, the attractive forces between the chlorine molecules are dispersion forces, also known as London dispersion forces. These forces arise due to temporary fluctuations in electron distribution, causing temporary partial charges on the molecules. These temporary charges create weak attractions between neighboring molecules.
2. Dipole-dipole attraction:
Dipole-dipole attractions occur between polar molecules. Polar molecules have an uneven distribution of charge resulting in a positive end and a negative end. Examples of compounds that exhibit dipole-dipole attractions include molecules like HCl or H2O, where the bond between atoms with different electronegativities creates the unequal distribution of charge.
3. Ionic bond:
Ionic bonds occur between atoms that have a significant difference in electronegativity, resulting in the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. This transfer of electrons results in the formation of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions), which are held together by electrostatic forces. Ionic bonds are commonly found in compounds such as NaCl (sodium chloride) or MgO (magnesium oxide).
4. Dispersion forces:
Dispersion forces, also mentioned earlier as London dispersion forces, are the attractive forces that arise between all atoms and molecules. These forces are caused by temporary fluctuations in electron distribution, leading to the creation of temporary dipoles. Dispersion forces are present in all substances (polar or nonpolar), but they are typically weaker than other intermolecular forces.
5. Hydrogen bond:
A hydrogen bond occurs between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom (usually nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine) that is part of a neighboring molecule. It is a strong dipole-dipole attraction. Hydrogen bonding is responsible for many important properties in substances, such as the high boiling points of water and the unique behavior of DNA.
Based on the nature of the substance involved, in this case, Cl2 (chlorine gas), the most significant attractive force would be dispersion forces (due to temporary fluctuations in electron distribution).