Which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism?(1 point) Responses cell specialization cell specialization unicellularity unicellularity homeostasis homeostasis organ system organ system
homeostasis
Which of the following is an example of an organ?(1 point) Responses digestive system digestive system nerve cell nerve cell epithelial tissue epithelial tissue heart
heart
A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called(1 point) Responses a tissue. a tissue. an organ. an organ. a division of labor. a division of labor. an organ system. an organ system.
a tissue.
Amino acids link together by peptide bonds to form proteins. In which cellular organelle would this process occur?(1 point) Responses Nucleus Nucleus Mitochondria Mitochondria Chloroplast Chloroplast Ribosome Ribosome
Ribosome
Which shows the correct sequence of steps for protein synthesis to occur?(1 point) Responses DNA🡪mRNA🡪tRNA DNA🡪mRNA🡪tRNA DNA🡪rRNA🡪mRNA DNA🡪rRNA🡪mRNA DNA🡪tRNA🡪mRNA DNA🡪tRNA🡪mRNA mRNA🡪DNA🡪tRNA
DNA🡪mRNA🡪tRNA
Genetic information usually flows in one specific direction. Which of the following best represents this flow?(1 point) Responses DNA → RNA → Protein DNA → RNA → Protein Protein → RNA → DNA Protein → RNA → DNA DNA → Protein → RNA DNA → Protein → RNA RNA → Protein → DNA
DNA → RNA → Protein
A sequence of DNA in a gene reads : CCATCGATA What is the mRNA sequence that is produced when this gene is transcribed?(1 point) Responses CCAUCGAUA CCAUCGAUA CCATCGATA CCATCGATA GGTAGCTAT GGTAGCTAT GGUAGCUAU
GGUAGCUAU
Pretend you are a bite of a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. Write at least five sentences that trace your path into and through the human digestive system.(5 points)
As a bite of a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, my journey begins as I am chewed in the mouth, where the enzymes break me down into smaller pieces. Saliva adds moisture, helping facilitate the swallowing process.
Once I am swallowed, I travel down the esophagus, a muscular tube that pushes me further into the digestive system. I eventually reach the stomach, where acid and enzymes continue to break me down into a paste-like substance called chyme.
Next, I pass through the small intestine, where specialized cells absorb nutrients from me and transfer them into the bloodstream. This is where I provide nourishment to the body.
After the small intestine, I enter the large intestine, where water is absorbed from me, causing me to become more solid. Bacteria present in the large intestine also help break down any remaining carbohydrates and produce certain vitamins.
Finally, I reach the rectum where waste products, including the indigestible parts of me, are stored until they are eliminated from the body through the process of defecation.
Choose any two body systems and describe how they work together to perform a single task.(4 points)
The respiratory system and the circulatory system work together to provide oxygen to the body's cells and remove carbon dioxide.
The respiratory system consists of the lungs, bronchi, trachea, and other structures involved in breathing. When we inhale, oxygen-rich air enters our lungs and diffuses into the bloodstream through tiny air sacs called alveoli.
The circulatory system, which includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, distributes oxygenated blood to all cells of the body. The oxygenated blood is pumped by the heart and carried through arteries to various tissues and organs.
These two systems work in harmony during the process of respiration. Oxygen from the air we breathe in diffuses into the bloodstream in the lungs, where it binds to red blood cells. The circulatory system carries the oxygen-rich blood throughout the body to reach tissues and cells.
At the cellular level, oxygen is delivered to the cells through small capillaries. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place, with oxygen being used by the cells for energy production, and carbon dioxide being produced as a waste product.
Carbon dioxide, the waste product of cellular respiration, is picked up by the red blood cells and carried back to the lungs through the circulatory system. In the lungs, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air sacs and is exhaled out of the body during exhalation.
In this way, the respiratory system and the circulatory system work together to ensure the supply of oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide, thus supporting the overall functioning of the body.