How did dark matter affect the development of structures in the early universe?(1 point) Responses It seeded the development of quasars. It seeded the development of quasars. It became part of black holes. It became part of black holes. It seeded the development of galaxies. It seeded the development of galaxies. It cooled pockets of gas to form nebulae.
It seeded the development of galaxies.
Which is evidence for the existence of dark energy?(1 point) Responses Galaxies that are rotating at a constant rate. Galaxies that are rotating at a constant rate. Supernovae that are moving away at an accelerating rate. Supernovae that are moving away at an accelerating rate. Pulsars that seem to be moving closer at an accelerating rate. Pulsars that seem to be moving closer at an accelerating rate. Black holes that are expanding at a constant rate.
Supernovae that are moving away at an accelerating rate.
How has scientific understanding about the composition of the universe changed over time? Select the two correct answers.(1 point) Responses The percentage of dark matter has shrunk in scientists' estimates since the 1980s. The percentage of dark matter has shrunk in scientists' estimates since the 1980s. The percentage of ordinary matter has grown in scientists' estimates. The percentage of ordinary matter has grown in scientists' estimates. The percentage of unknown material has grown in scientists' estimates since the 1970s. The percentage of unknown material has grown in scientists' estimates since the 1970s. The percentage of dark energy has shrunk in scientists' estimates.
The percentage of dark matter has shrunk in scientists' estimates since the 1980s.
The percentage of ordinary matter has grown in scientists' estimates.
Dark matter seeded the development of structures in the early universe by aiding in the formation of galaxies.
Dark matter played a crucial role in the development of structures in the early universe. It is believed to have seeded the development of galaxies. To understand how dark matter affected the early universe, scientists rely on observations and theoretical models.
Here's how scientists have inferred the influence of dark matter:
1. Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): The CMB is the afterglow of the Big Bang and provides a snapshot of the universe when it was just 380,000 years old. By studying the patterns and fluctuations in the CMB, scientists can infer the distribution of matter, including dark matter. These observations suggest that dark matter played a role in the formation of large-scale structures.
2. Gravitational Lensing: Dark matter has a gravitational pull, which can bend the path of light passing through it. By studying the distortion of light from distant galaxies due to gravitational lensing, scientists can infer the presence and distribution of dark matter. The observations of gravitational lensing provide evidence for the existence of dark matter and its influence on the large-scale structure formation.
3. Simulations and Models: Scientists use computer simulations and theoretical models to understand the behavior of dark matter in the early universe. These simulations incorporate the known properties of dark matter, such as its gravitational interactions and its distribution based on observations. By running these simulations, scientists can examine how dark matter structures evolve over time and contribute to the formation of galaxies.
Taken together, these observations and simulations suggest that dark matter played a vital role in the formation of galaxies in the early universe. It provided the initial gravitational seeds around which ordinary matter could clump together, forming structures like galaxies, clusters, and superclusters. The cooling of gas in these dark matter structures eventually resulted in the formation of nebulae, which can then give birth to stars and galaxies.
In summary, dark matter's gravitational influence helped shape the large-scale structure of the universe by providing the initial seeds that led to the formation of galaxies.